
Class 
Book. 



COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT 



KliNGDOiN'S DICTIONARY 



OF THE 



WHITE MOUNTAINS 



AND OTIIKll 



NEW-ENGLAND SUMMER RESORTS. 




BOSTON: 

PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR. 

1894. 



KINGDON'S DICTIONARY 

OF THE 

WHITE MOUNTAINS 

AND OTHER 

NEW-ENGLAND SUMMER RESORTS. 




BOSTON: ^ 

PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR. ^^ "^ /""^ 

1894. 



^ 



v\» 



Copyright, 1S94, 
By S. S. Kingdon. 



All Rights Reserved. 

HI- 



John Wilson and Son, Cambridge, U.S.A. 



INTRODUCTIO^N". 



The aim in the preparation of this book has been 
to present the information it contains in a convenient 
and concise form for ready reference, and in such a 
manner as to secure the greatest possible facility 
for consultation. All superfluous and unimportant 
matter has been studiously excluded, thus securing 
economy of space and price without omitting mate- 
rial facts. 

Necessarily many interesting and attractive resorts 
have been omitted, for to include all the places in 
New England where a summer vacation may be 
pleasantly and profitably passed would be to mention 
nearly every town and hamlet within the territory 
included in this book. It is believed that no place 
of popular resort has been overlooked, and that all 
their principal attractions have been referred to. 
No mention of hotels has been made, but the tourist 
will find excellent accommodations at all the princi- 
pal places. No statement, endorsement, or recom- 
mendation in this book has been influenced by any 
one, and the advertising matter has been confined to 
its proper place at the end of the book. 

While much care has been taken to make this 
Dictionary accurate and trustworthy, it is probable 
that some errors may have crept in, and the Editor 
will be grateful for any corrections and suggestions 
he may receive. S. S. Kingdon. 



NEW-ENGLAND 
SUMMER RESORTS. 



Agassiz Basin. See North Woodstock. 

Albany Basins. See Bethel. 

Altar, The. A strange-looking stone of large size 
and unusual form on Mt. Lafayette. [See Mt. 
Lafayette]. The name it bears is derived from 
a fancied resemblance to the old Runic remains of 
a similar character. 

Alton Bay, N. H., a village on the Northern Divi- 
sion of the Boston & Maine Railroad, at the most 
southern point of Lake AVinnipesaukee, is situated 
at the head of a narrow estuary, which appears 
more like a river than a lake. The Adventists hold 
campmeetings there. From Sheep Mountain, two 
miles north, there is a fine view of the lake ; also 
from Prospect Hill and Mt. Major. Lougee Pond, 
about seven miles distant, is noted for its tame fish. 
The most interesting excursion is to the summit of 
Mt. Belknap, 10 miles distant. The view from the 
summit, 2062 feet above the sea, is very fine. 

Amherst, N. H. A pleasant rural town on the 
Keene branch of the Southern Division of the Bos- 
ton & Maine Railroad, 48 miles from Boston. Mil- 
ford Springs, one and a half miles from the station, 
have a reputation for their curative properties. 

Ammonoosuc Falls. See Fabyans. 



6 ANDOVER 

Andover, N. H. a village on the Connecticut River 
Division of the Boston & Maine Railroad, 104 miles 
from Boston. In the vicinity are Ea^le Pond, four 
miles long, and Ragged Mountain, overlooking it 
and the course of Blackwater River. 

Appalachian Cascade. See Jackson. 

AppLEDORE Island. 8ee Isle of Shoals. 

Artlsts' Falls. See Xorth Conway. 

AsQUAM Lakes, popularly known as the Great 
and Little Squam, but restored to their ancient 
name of Asquam, with their lesser sister, Minni- 
squam, the largest of which is six miles long and 
three miles across at its broadest part, lie among 
the southern foot-hills of the White Mountains, 
half a dozen miles to the northeast of Lake Winni- 
pesaukee, and about four miles east of Ashland, 
a pretty town on the Concord & Montreal Rail- 
road. They are beautiful bodies of water, dotted 
with numerous small islands, and having shores 
irregular in form and picturesque in appearance. 



Baby Twins. See Twin Mountain Station. 

Bald Mountain. One of the Franconia Range. 
2310 feet high, from the summit of which a tine 
view can be had. The top is reached by a compar- 
atively easy walk over a disused carriage road of a 
mile and a half from the Franconia S'otch. [See 
Franconia Xotch.] For another mountain of this 
name, see Lenox. 

Bar Harbor, on the eastern shore of Mt. Desert 
[See Mt. Desert], and just opposite the Porcupine 
Islands, derives its name from a sandy bar, visible 
only at low tide, which connects Mt. Desert with 
the largest and northermost of the I*orcupine 
group. It is a popular and fashionable resort, on 
account of the tine scenery, the boating, and the 
fishing. Excursions can be made in carriages or 
on foot to the summit of Green Mountain, 1702 feet 
high, from which can be obtained a view embrac- 
ing the whole of the island. Frenchman's Bay, 
with its many islands, and the ocean on the one 
hand, and a vast stretch of the Maine coast on the 
other. It is said that Katahdin, 100 miles distant, 
and Mt. Washington, 140 miles aw^ay, can be seen 
from this point. Eagle Lake is visible at intervals 
during the ascent, and half way up a short detour 



BARNES' FALLS 7 

will bring the tourist to it. Mt. Newport is as- 
cended from the Schooner Head road, and Kebo, 
the summit of which may be reached in half an 
hour, affords a fine prospect. A pleasant drive of 
seven miles through the woods will bring one to 
the Ovens, a series of cavities worn in the cliffs by 
the action of the tide, some of which are large 
enough to contain 30 or 40 people. They can only 
be visited at low tide. The Via Mala is a curious 
archway in one of the projecting cliffs. Schooner 
Head, so named from the resemblance that a mass 
of white rock on its sea face bears to a small 
schooner, is on the seaward side of the island, four 
miles south of Bar Harbor. The Spouting Horn is 
a wide chasm in the cliff, which extends down to 
the water, and opens to the sea through a small 
archway below high-water mark. At high tide, 
and especially in stormy weather, the waves rush 
through this archway, and send a spout of water 
far above the summit of the cliff. Great Head, two 
miles south of Schooner Head, is the highest head- 
land between Cape Cod and New Brunswick. It 
is a bold projecting mass, the base of which has 
been deeply gashed by the waves. The best view 
of its front is obtained by descending to the foot of 
the cliff. Farther south are the Otter Creek Cliffs, 
situated near Otter Creek, a small stream. The 
most interesting feature of these cliffs is Thunder 
Cave, reached from the road by an excellent path 
through the forest. This is a long, low gallery, 
into which the waves rush with great force, pro- 
ducing a sound closely resembling thunder. Near 
it is the Obelisk, a tall, pointed column, with an 
apparently artificial base of steps, bearing a close 
resemblance to a monument of stone. On the cliffs 
to the westward is Castle Head, the wall of which 
looks like the ruins of a castle. About nine miles 
southwest of Bar Harbor is Jordan's Pond, a 
beautiful lake two miles long and half a mile wide, 
surrounded by picturesque mountain scenery, and 
abounding in fish. Cromwell's Cave, the Pulpit, 
the Indian's Foot, and the Assyrian, a rock figure 
in one of the cliff sides, are in this vicinity. 

Barnes' Falls. See Wilton. 

Bartlett, N. H., noted for its magnificent sur- 
roundings, is on the main road leading to the 
Crawford Notch [see Crawford Notch], and forms 
an important station of the Maine Central Rail- 



8 BASIN, THE 

' road. It is situated on the Saco River, and is 
hemmed in by grand mountains. 

Basix, The. A beautiful freak of nature near the 
roadside in the Franconia Xotch [see Franconia 
Notch], about a mile from the southerly entrance. 
Here the waters of the Pemigewasset fall over a 
rocky ledge, a few feet in height, into a deep hol- 
low in the solid granite, formed by the continual 
action of the water and mingled stones and bowl- 
ders from above. The diameter of the basin is 
about 30 feet in its shortest width, and 40 feet in 
its longest. Its circumference is about (iO feet, 
and its depth ordinarily about 15 feet. It is filled 
at all seasons with cold, pure, and pellucid water, 
through which the bottom of the basin can be dis- 
tinctly seen. The waters, in escaping over the 
side, form a series of beautiful waterfalls. 

Bass Rock, 30 miles from Boston, on the Eastern 
Division of the Boston & Maine Railroad, is situ- 
ated on the high rocky shore of Gloucester, Mass., 
between Eastern Point and Rockport. It com- 
mands an extensive view of land and sea. Good 
Harbor Beach, three quarters of a mile in length, 
is the finest on the North Shore for surf bathing, 
and is safe at any time of tide. There is also a 
shallow inlet, with clean sand bottom, which is a 
favorite place for those who prefer still -water 
bathing. There are many fine drives, and sailing 
and deep-sea fishing are favorite ])astimes. 

Bay of Naples. See Sebago J^ake. 

Beach Bluffs. See Swampscott. 

Beach Mountain. See Southwest Harbor. 

Beamis Pond. A small sheet of water in Crawford 
Notch [see Crawford Notch], the source of Saw- 
yer's River. It was formerly a favorite resort for 
trout fishers. 

Bear River Notch. See Grafton Notch. 

Berlin Falls, six miles from Gorham [see Gor- 
ham], are reached by a carriage road along the 
course of the Androscoggin River. At this point 
for a course of a mile the river descends nearly 200 
feet, swift, rapid, and broken here and there by a 
direct and powerful fall, and by some it is regarded 
as one of the most interesting falls in the country. 

Bethel, Me., a pretty town on the Grand Trunk 
Railway, 21 miles from Gorham, has many places of 
interest. On one side, 12 miles distant, are the Al- 
bany Basins, worn out of the solid granite, and, on 



BETHLEHEM 9 

the other, 18 miles distant, are the Rumford Falls, 
where the Androscoggin River makes a descent of 
160 feet in three pitches, and within the space of a 
quarter of a mile. There is one sheer descent of 
70 feet. Fifteen miles from Bethel are Screw Au- 
ger Falls. 

Bethlehem, N. H. A beautiful village, 201 miles 
from Boston, famous for its view of the whole 
range of the AVhite Mountains. It was first settled 
in 1790, under the name of Lord's Hill. In 1803 
the town consisted only of a few log huts, and to- 
day it is the site of some of the largest and most 
famous hotels in the world. Its elevation, 1489 
feet, is claimed to be greater than that of any town 
in New England, and no town in the mountain 
region has made such marked and rapid growth. 
With the Franconia Range on the one hand and 
the Presidential Range upon the other, the chief 
mountain outlooks are grand in the extreme, while 
every principal point is easily accessible. Besides 
the wonderful view of the White Mountains to be 
had from any part of the village, in the northwest 
are to be seen some noble white marble mountains 
in Vermont which have the appearance of being 
covered with snow. From Mt. Agassiz, which is a 
little southeast of the village, and 2042 feet high, 
and also from many lesser elevations, wide-sweep- 
ing views may be had. The exemption of the town 
from hay fever has made it a famous resort for in- 
valids. The drives from here to Franconia, Little- 
ton, and other points of interest, are through the 
most grand and diversified scenery in the moun- 
tains, and add greatly to the attractions of the vil- 
lage as a summer home. A spur of the, Profile & 
Franconia Notch Railroad ascends the hill, and 
traverses the outskirts of the village from one end 
to the other, connecting at Bethlehem Junction 
with the White Mountain branch of the Concord 
& Montreal Railroad. 

Beverly Farms, a favorite sea-side home of citi- 
zens of Boston, who own beautiful residence there, 
is on the Eastern Division of the Boston & Maine 
Railroad, 20 miles from Boston. The beaches are 
fine, and from there to Manchester-by-the-Sea are 
to be seen some of the best examples of landscape 
gardening in the country. 

Boar's Head. See Hampton Beach. 

Boston & Maine Railroad. The direct connect- 



10 BRENTON'S COVE 

ing link between Boston and the PresidentialRange 
of the White Mountains. For 110 miles, or a little 
more than four hours' ride, the journey is made 
through some of the most lovely and picturesque 
landscapes in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. 
From Wolfeboro Centre, the first mountain station 
on the road, a branch road, about 12 miles long, 
runs to Wolfeboro, where close connection is made 
with the fine boats on Lake Winnipesaukee. One 
desiring to ride the entire length of the lake should 
take the branch road at Kochester, X. II., for Alton 
Bay. [See Wolfeboro and Alton Bay]. In this 
way the whole western side of the mountains, in- 
cluding the Franconia Range, can be reached, and 
the tour be extended over an almost unlimited and 
inexhaustible territory. An hour's ride on the 
main road from Wolfeboro Junction, with the 
mountains continually in sight, and Conway, the 
southern entrance to the great Crawford Xotch, is 
reached. Five miles beyond is North Conway, 
where the cars pass on to the tracks of the ;Maine 
Central Railroad, and at Bartlett, 10 miles beyond, 
passengers are transferred to observation cars, 
with no additional expense, from which they can 
view uninterruptedlv the grandeur and wonders 
of the Notch. [See Crawford Notch]. The East- 
ern Division of the road is the direct route by rail 
to the resorts along the North Shore, including the 
Isles of Shoals, Wells Beach, Old Orchard, and Bar 
Harbor. 

Bhentox's Cove. See Newport, B. I. 

BuEXTox's PoiXT. See Xewi)()it, 1\. I. 

Bridal Veil Falls. A beautiful cascade near 
Franconia [see Franconia] of 75 feet descent, upon 
Copper Mine Brook, which fiows down the west- 
ern slope of Mt. Kinsman. 

Bridgtox, Me., a thriving village lying about 40 
miles northwest of Portland, is pleasantly situated 
within a mile of the steamboat landing near the 
head of Sebago Lake navigation. [See Sebago 
Lake.] It was originally named Pondicherry, from 
the number of ponds and cherry trees in the vicin- 
ity, and rechristened Bridgton after a person of 
the name of Bridges. It is reached from Sebago, 
a station on the ^Slalne Central Railroad, by a de- 
lightful sail over the lake and the Songo River, or 
by the Bridgton & Saco River Railroad from the 
junction of the two roads at Bridgton Junction, 



CALDEON CLIFF 11 

19miles beyond Sebago. The neighborhood pos- 
sesses many pleasant walks and drives. The prin- 
cipal places of interest are Highland Lake, Dodge's 
Hill, Sunset Rock, and Forest Avenue, near by; 
and in the immediate vicinity, Mt. Pleasant [see 
Mt. Pleasant], Long Lake, North Bridgton Acad- 
emy, home and grave of " Artemas Ward," Sum- 
mit Mineral Spring, and the boyhood home of 
Nathaniel Hawthorne. 



Caldron Cliff. See Nahant. 

Camel's Hump, one of the principal peaks of the 
Green Mountain Kange [See Green Mountains], is 
4188 feet high. It may be ascended without much 
difficulty from two sides, but it is most conven- 
iently visited from Ridley's Station, a small village 
on the Vermont Central Railway, five miles below 
Waterbury, Vt. [see Waterbury]. Carriages run 
from the station to the summit of the mountain, 
three miles, and the remainder of the ascent may 
be made either on horseback or on foot. The 
mountain is covered with jagged rocks, and the 
imposing scene from the summit is in no way ob- 
structed by trees or other obstacles. The view 
closely rosembles that from Mt. Mansfield [see Mt. 
Mansfield], except that that noble peak now forms 
one of tho most striking features of the landscape. 
The beautiful Bolton Falls are a little below Rid- 
ley's Station. 

Campton. a beautiful little village on the Pemige- 
wasset Valley Railroad, seven miles from Ply- 
mouth, N. H., and 133 miles from Boston. It is 
situated on the Mad River, two miles from its con- 
fluence with the Pemigewasset, and is rapidly be- 
coming a favorite resort with tourists, as it has 
long been with sportsmen and artists It is said to 
contain more points for fine prospects than any 
place in the neighborhood. One of the prominent 
objects seen while traversing this part of the route 
is the shapely mass of Welch Mountain, which 
rises to the height of 3500 feet, north of the valley. 
Mt. Weetamo, 2540 feet high, is on the south side, 
and the summits of both are visited on account of 
their extended view. Up the valley Trypyramid 
and Sandwich Dome are to be seen. 

Cape Neddick. See York Beach. 



12 CAKTEK DOME 

Carter Dome. See Carter Notch. 

Carter Mountain. See Carter Notch. 

Carter Notch. A wild and picturesque pass be- 
tween Carter and Wild Cat mountains. It is 
about 10 miles from Jackson, N. H. [see Jackson], 
and is reached by following the carriage road up 
the Wild Cat Itiver for six miles, and a foot path 
through the woods on the right for four miles. 
The path is very well detined, but it is tortuous 
and rugged. It was built and is kept in repair by 
a hunter and guide named Jonathan Davis, who 
lives near the terminus of the carriage r(jad, and 
exacts a fee of 25 cents for its use. The Notch is 
remarkable as a scene of grandeur and desolation. 
Massive rocks 20 feet high are piled promiscuous- 
ly in the valley formed by the two mountains, and 
they appear to have been thrown there by some 
great convulsion of nature. In the midst of the 
Notch is a small pond which serves but to add 
to the loneliness of the scene. Wild Cat Mountain 
rises abruptly from the valley 4350 feet, and Carter 
Mountain and Dome on the opposite side, 4S;>() and 
4702 feet. From the top of one of the rocks, called 
The Pulpit, reached by a rude stairway, a tine view 
of the entire Notch can be had. There is a rude 
camp with a bed, stove, and cooking utensils, 
where parties are in the habit of spending the 
night; the round trip, unless carriages or horses 
are used the lirst six miles, being a dirticult feat to 
accomplish in one day. There is a foot path from 
The Glen [see The Glen] to the Notch which is 
about two miles in length. 

Cascade, The. A continuous fall of water from 
Flume Brook [see Flume Brook,] of more than 600 
feet, with a gradual descent, but occasionally quite 
abrupt. It is near the southerly end of the Fran- 
con ia Notch [see Franconia Notch], about three- 
quarters of a mile from the main road, in a south- 
easterly direction. A good carriage road leads to 
the lower part of the Cascade, and a footpath leads 
up the course of the stream. 

Catsuptic Lake. See IJangeley Lakes. 

Centre IIakdok, a pretty town, ten miles distant 
from The W^eirs by steamer, lies at the northern 
extremity or head of Lake Winnipesaukee, near 
'Squam Lake [see Asquam Lake], and is 553 feet 
above the level of the sea. The location is a beau- 
tiful one and has always been deservedly popular. 



CHOCOKUA 13 

The chief object of interest in the immediate vi- 
cinity is Red Hill. [See Red Hill.] Another place 
ot almost equal interest is Shepard Hill, two miles 
distant on the carriage road between Centre Har- 
bor and Ashland. It rises 800 feet in the centre of 
the land dividing the three Asquam lakes. The 
grandeur and beauty of the view from the summit 
is marvellous, embracing, as it does, not only the 
three lakes mentioned, but the most picturesque 
portion of Lake Winnipesaukee. It is the subject 
of Whittier's poem, "The Hill-Top." It was for 
years a favorite view of the Quaker poet, and he 
visited it every summer. 

Chocorua (•' The Old Bear "), one of the most nota- 
ble of the lower peaks of the White Mountain 
Range. It is 3540 feet high, and without vegeta- 
tion other than such as a few blueberries and 
cranberries create. It is noted for its steepness, 
the sharpness of its apex, and the extended view 
from its summit. It is, in fact, a granite moun- 
tain, with pinnacles and precipices, sharp, angular 
peaks, and unexpected descents; when viewed 
from certain positions, its top seems actually to 
overhang. It takes its name from an Indian chief 
who, tradition says, was shot on the summit by 
Cornelius Campbell, a settler, whose wife and 
children the Indian had murdered. The tradition 
says further, that the "Old Bear" with his dying 
breath, cursed the mountain, and a pestilence 
among the cattle, and other calamities, were for- 
merly ascribed to its influence. The ascent, which 
is very difficult, can be made from Ossipee. [See 
Ossipee.] 

Chocorua Lake. A beautiful body of water at 
the foot of Chocorua Mountain. 

Claremont, N. H. a very pleasantly situated 
town on the Connecticut River, 129 miles from 
Boston, on the Concord & Claremont Branch of 
the Concord & Montreal Railroad. The surround- 
ing scenery is on a grand scale, Ascutney Moun- 
tain, across the river in Vermont, looming above 
in its grandeur and overlooking the town, while 
to the northeast Green and Bald mountains are 
only a part of the grander Croydon Mountain, a 
prominent feature of the landscape a little farther 
removed. 

Clifton. See Swampscott. 

COHASSET, a pleasant village on the rocky coast of 



14 COLD BROOK 

Massachusetts, is twenty-one and a half miles from 
Boston, via the Old Colony Division of the New 
York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad. The 
coast line here is extremely rugged and broken, 
but picturesque and romantic, and is lined with 
villas and hotels. Minot's Ledge Lighthouse is 
situated here. Two and a half miles distant, in 
the direction of Boston, is Nantasket, a popular 
seaside resort, with a beautiful beach four miles 
long, with steamboat connections with Boston. 

Cold Bi:ook. See Randolph. 

CoNAxicuT Island. See Newport, R. I. 

CoNCOKD, N. IL, the capital of New Hampshire, is 
pleasantly situated on level and gradually rising 
land overlooking the wide intervales of the Merri- 
mack River, 75 miles from Boston, on the Concord 
& Montreal Railroad, It was originally called 
Penacook, from an Indian tribe over which Passa- 
conaway held sway, whose home was near by; 
afterwards called Rumford, then Bow, and, in 
1705, Concord. Included in the city limits are 
East and AVest Concord. It is one of the most in- 
teresting inland cities of New England. Its typog- 
raphy presents a wonderful variety, consisting of 
hills and wide-spreading intervales, winding riv- 
ers, swift rapids, and calmly nestling lakes. 
Through the centre of the city north Hows the tor- 
tuous Merrimack, and the Contoocook enters from 
the northwest corner. The hills of Concord 
would in many states be designated as mountains, 
for one — the Rattlesnake — rises from near the 
centre of the city to a height of 500 feet above the 
river. 

CoNCOKD & Montreal Railroad. The princi- 
pal connecting link, with the Southern Division of 
the Boston & Maine Railroad, between Boston and 
the mountain region of New Hampshire. Through 
its branches it brings even the lofty summit of Mt. 
Washington within a comparatively few hours' 
ride of New York and Philadelphia. It traverses 
the beautiful valley of the Merrimack, following 
the river as far as Concord, N. H., near which it is 
crossed for the last time. The road then leaves 
the river banks, and, passing through Tilton, La- 
conia, and Lake Village, and a region unsurpassed 
for the picturesqueness of its scenery, enters upon 
the banks of Lake AVinnipesaukee. At Laconia 
connection is made with the Lake Shore Branch, 



CONWAY 15 

which skirts the southerly shores of the lake to 
Alton Bay. At The Weirs, where connection is 
made by the main line by steamboat with Centre 
Harbor, Wolfeboro, and other points on the lake, 
this beautiful body of water is seen stretching out 
to the eastward, while the distant mountains form 
a blue border of exquisite loveliness. [See Lake 
Winnipesaukee.] At Plymouth connection is made 
with trains on the Pemigewasset Valley Branch, 
which runs to North Woodstock, and leaving the 
Pemigewasset River, the main road ascends the 
valley of Baker's River, passes through Rumney, 
with Mt. Stinson upon the right, and the Mt. Carr 
Range upon the left. Farther along Rattlenake 
Mountain is seen on the right, and high hills are 
on every side. The highest point on the line, 10()3 
feet above the sea, is reached at Warren Summit. 
Mts. Carr, Waternomee, and Kinneo are upon the 
right, and Mt. Mist and Webster's Slide upon the 
left. At East Haverhill two prominent mountains 
on the right are Black and Sugar Loaf. At Haver- 
hill, a few miles further on, the Connecticut valley 
is reached, and on the opposite side of the Connec- 
ticut River is Mt. Pulaski, and in the distance 
down the river is to be seen the shapely peak of 
Mt. Ascutney. The road now follows the banks 
of the Ammonoosuc River, which enters the Con- 
necticut at Woodsville, passing through a succes- 
sion of the most picturesque scenery to Littleton. 
At Wing Read the railroad branches oft" to Bethle- 
hem Junction, where connection is made with the 
Profile & Franconia Notch Railroad, which runs 
down to the Notch, while the main road continues 
on past the Twin Mountains to Fabyans. From 
Wing Road the principal line connects at White- 
field with the Whitefield & Jefferson Branch, tak- 
ing passengers to all of the principal resorts north 
of the Presidential Range, and to Lancaster and 
Groveton, where it connects with the Grand Trunk 
Railway. 
Conway, N. H., on the Northern Division of the 
Boston & Maine Railroad, a village locally known 
as "Conway Corners," and anciently bearing the 
name of "Chatauque," is pleasantly situated about 
five miles south of North Conway [see North 
Conway], in the valley of the Saco, at the conflu- 
ence of the Saco and Swift rivers, and amidst 
peaceful and rural scenery. It is a favorite re- 



16 COPPER MINE BROOK 

treat of persons preferring quiet life to the bustle 
of a crowded resort. All the picturesque places 
within easy distance from Xorth Conway can be 
readily reached, Avhile the village is half a dozen 
miles nearer to such popular objects of interest as 
Chocorua Lake and Mountain, Jockey Cap, Moat 
Mountain, Kidge Road and Lovell's Pond. 

Copper Mine Brook. See Franconia. 

CoppLE Crown. A small mountain five miles from 
Wolfboro. [See Wolfboro.] It is but about 2100 
feet high, and maybe easily ascended.. Carriages 
can be used, if desired, to convey the tourist from 
the village to within a mile of the summit, and the 
ascent can be made on horseback. The view from 
the summit is very tine. Lake Winnipesaukee, 
which forms a part of all the views in this vicinitj^ 
is visible for nearly its whole length. Belknap 
and Gunstock, with the mountains of the Merri- 
mack valley, stretch away toward the west. To 
the south is a comprehensive view of forest and 
meadow, with ponds and villages dotting the land- 
scape. The Ossipee and Sandwich ranges tower 
above the lake to the northwest. Almost due 
north, Chocorua, with Mount Washington high 
above it, indicates the White Mountain region. 
The ocean can be seen on a perfectly clear day. 

Crawford, Aijel, the "Patriarch of the Moun- 
tains," for whom the Crawford Xotch was named 
[see Crawford Xotch]. In its midst he lived and 
reared his family, and at the age of 70 he made the 
first ascent ever made to the summit of Mt. Wash- 
ington on horseback. When he was SO years of 
age he was accustomed to walk to his son's house 
at the "Gate of the Notch" before breakfast, a 
distance of five miles. He was one of the first 
guides of that region. 

Crawford Bridle Path, before the ^It. Washing- 
ton Carriage Road and Railroad, the principal 
route to the summit of Mt. Washington. Bayard 
Taylor calls it "by far the most compensating 
road to the summit," and its great advantage con- 
sists in the fact that it atf ords a view from several 
mountain peaks. It was cut by Ethan Crawford 
[see Ethaii Crawford], and is now disused for 
horses, but pedestrians find it an interesting and 
delightful feature of mountain travel. It is about 
nine miles long and in places very steep and rough. 
It starts from the base of Mt Clinton, in Crawford 



CRAWFORD, ETHAN ALLEN 17 

Plateau [see Crawford Plateau], and ascends for 
two or three miles through a dense forest to near 
the summit, 4320 above the sea. At this height 
the trees have dwindled away to a few stunted firs, 
growing from between the crevices of the rocks. 
Just before reaching the top, a region of dead 
trees, supposed to have been killed by the intense 
frosts of 1812 and 1816, are passed. The path lies 
a little to the north of the summit, giving a won- 
derful and comprehensive view. Towards the 
east, almost directly in front, is to be seen the 
conical summit of Mt. Kearsarge, and behind, Mt. 
Willard and the other mountains around the 
Notch. In descending the narrow ridge which 
joins Mt. Clinton, on the right is to be seen, at the 
depth of 2,000 feet, the vast forest through which 
win is the Mt. Washington River, and beyond is a 
long range of hills, and on the left at a similar 
depth the Ammonoosic River. The path passes 
around the southern side of Mt. Pleasant, several 
hundred feet below the summit, and enters on a 
plain lying at the foot of Mt. Franklin, and ex- 
tends to near its summit. The ascent here is quite 
arduous, the path winding along to the northwest 
of the mountain. By leaving the path for a short 
distance to the right, the highest point may be 
reached, and a grand view to the southeast ob- 
tained. Far to the south may be seen the four 
beautiful peaks of Chocorua. On the almost per- 
pendicular eastern side of the mountain, can be 
seen after it is passed, the long scar left by a slide 
which occurred in the summer of 1857. The path 
now passes around the southeastern side of Mt- 
Monroe, several hundred feet below the summit, 
on the right of which is Oake's Gulf. [See Oake's 
Gulf.] From this point the first view of Mt. 
Washington is obtained, the summit, which looks 
like an irregular pyramidal pile of great brown 
stones, is nearly fifteen hundred feet above. The 
cone of the mountain is reached by way of an ex- 
tended plateau, which is at first quite smooth, but 
nearer the mountain is covered with great boul- 
ders. The path winds among these rocks, and is 
marked in various ways. The ascent of Mt. 
Washington is made from the southwestern side, 
and is not difficult. 
Crawford, Ethan Allen, the "Giant of the 
Hills," son of Abel, cut the first bridle path [see 
z 



18 CRAWFORD NOTCH 

Crawford Bridle Path] to the summit of Mt. Wash- 
ington in 1821. He resided at that time near the 
Giant's Grave on the north side of the Crawford 
Notch. [See Crawford Xotch.] In fact, all of the 
old paths on the western side of the mountains 
were cut by the Crawfords. Ethan was famous 
not only as a j?uide, but as a hunter. 
Crawford or Wuite Mountain Notch. A nar- 
row pass, about 12 miles long, lying between 
Mts. Willard, Willey, and Nancy on the west, and 
Webster, Jackson, and Crawford on the east. 
There is probably nothing grander in the way of 
scenery than is encompassed within those few 
miles, and the view obtained from the railroad 
track winding along the sides of the mountains, is 
even finer than that obtained from the carriage 
road. In going through the Notch on the Maine 
Central from North Conway, the tourist follows 
up the course of the Saco River and Rocky Branch 
River, and enters the Notch at Bartlett, a small 
village, where observation cars are provided. A 
little to the left are the three peaks of Tripyramid 
Mountain, about 4200 feet high. A high rock close 
to the carriage road on the left hand is called 
Sawyer's Rock [see below], and a little beyond 
this is Hart's Ledge and a small stream called 
Sawyer's River. The first point of special interest 
is Nancy's Brook, named for a girl from .Jefferson, 
who, in the winter of IT-SS, followed her runaway 
lover through the wilderness of the Notch, and, 
becoming exhausted, was frozen to death near the 
brook. Half a mile beyond is Bemis Station where 
is to be seen the old Mount Crawford House, one 
of the oldest and, in its day, most popular houses 
of the region, kept by old Abel Crawford. [See 
Abel Crawford.] It is now a farm house. Up 
the valley of the Saco is to be seen Mt. Crawford, 
the southern peak of which is -"iliU feet high, and 
the northern, .3.500. Between them is Mt. Resolu- 
tion, 341)0 feet high. Looking up the gorge, Mt. 
Webster, 4000 feet high, is to be seen on the right, 
and Mt. Willey, 4300 feet high, on the left. The 
rounded summit of Mt. Willard, 2570 feet, forms a 
background to the picture, and the Giant's Stairs 
are distinctly visible beyond the river on the right. 
The train now passes over that wonderful piece of 
engineering skill, the Frankenstein trestle, 500 feet 
long and 80 feet high, and built entirely of iron. 



CEAWFORD NOTCH 19 

Two miles further on the famous Willey House is 
seen far down in the valley, the scene of the terri- 
ble tragedy enacted by the elements in 1826, when 
Samuel Willey, jr., his wife and five children, and 
two hired men perished by being buried in a land- 
slide that occurred on the 28th of August of that 
year. The bodies of three of the children still lie 
engulfed in the mass of rocks and earth that, pre- 
cipitated from the side of Mt. Willey, covered a 
space in the valley nearly a mile in length. The 
railroad winds around the side of the mountains 
several hundred feet above the Saco for a number 
of miles, affording excellent views of the scenery 
of the valley. Willey Brook is crossed on a bridge 
nearly 100 feet high, and the train continues along 
the foot of Mt. Willard, passing through the 
northern gate of the Notch, a narrow cut 50 feet 
deep in the solid rock, and stopping in front of the 
Crawford House, a short distance beyond. From 
here there is a bridle path to the summit of Mt. 
Washington, long disused except by pedestrians. 
Mt. Willard is easily ascended by pedestrians from 
here, and the view from its summit, especially in 
the afternoon, has attractions to be found only at 
this point. Near the summit is a remarkable cav- 
ern known as the "Devil's Den," which, however, 
is only accessible by means of ropes. Among the 
places of interest in this vicinity are the "Old Maid 
of the Mountain," a great stone face on a spur of 
Mt. Webster, the " Devil's Pulpit," near the Gate 
of the Notch, a profile rock called "The Infant," 
opposite the "Devil's Pulpit," another profile, the 
"Young Man of the Mountain," Elephant's Head, 
the Flume, the Silver Cascade, the Sparkling Cas- 
cade, the Sylvan Glade Cataract, and Gibbs's 
Falls, all possessing remarkable charms distinctively 
their own. [See these places under their appropri- 
ate titles.] Continuing the journey through the 
valley for four miles, Fabyan's is reached. The 
great White Mountain Notch was unknown to the 
white inhabitants until about the year 1771, when 
a hunter named Nash, if tradition is to be believed, 
in climbing a tree on Cherry Mountain to look for 
game, perceived what he thought to be an opening 
through the unexplored mountains. Making his 
way in a southeasterly direction, he arrived at the 
point now known as the Gate of the Notch, then a 
mere gorge, thi'ough which he entered the great 



20 CKAWFORD NOTCH CARRIAGE ROAD 

passageway between northern and southern Xew 
Hampshire. Proceeding to Portsmouth, he an- 
nounced the welcome discovery to Governor Went- 
worth, who, to test the feasibility of the pass, 
promised Nash a large tract of land on the north 
side of the mountains if he would get a horse 
through and bring him to Portsmouth. Enlisting 
the aid of a fellow-hunter named Sawyer, he suc- 
ceeded in the undertaking, though having some- 
times to draw the horse up high precii)ices with 
ropes, and let him down on the other side in the 
same manner. It is told that when they had safely 
deposited the horse in this way on the last rock 
on the south side, the jubilant and bibulous Saw- 
yer drained the last drop from a llask of rum, and, 
dashing the bottle on the rock, exclaimed, "This 
shall hereafter be called SaAvyer's Pvock I " and it 
is known by that name to this day. The land re- 
ceived as a reward for this feat is now known as 
Nash and Sawyer's Location. 

Crawpokd Xotch Carriage Road, the tenth 
turnpike built in New Hampshire, was incorpora- 
ted in 1803. It extends through Crawford Notch 
[see Crawford Notch], and Nash and Sawyer's lo- 
cation, 20 miles, and cost $;40,0(X). P)efore it was 
laid out, the old county road crossed the Saco 
Kiver 32 times in making its way up the valley. 
Since the railroad was built through the Notch 
there has been little travel over the carriage road 
except in summer. 

Craavford Plateau, a station on the Maine Cen- 
tral Pailroad, situated at the northern extremity 
of Crawford Notch [see Crawford Notch], 2000 feet 
above the sea level. It is the highest point in 
the valley, and water flows from it in both direc- 
tions. Near the "Gate of the Notch" is the site 
of the old Notch House, erected by Ethan Allen 
Crawford and his father, and kept for years as a 
public house by Thomas, a brother of Ethan. It 
was for a long time the largest house of the region. 
Here the Saco River has its source in a pond called 
Saco Lake. Numerous paths lead to places of in- 
terest near by. There is a carriage road to the 
summit of Mt. Willard [see Mt. WillardJ, and a 
bridle path to the top of Mt. Washington. [See 
Crawford Bridle Path.] 

Crystal Cascade, a beautiful waterfall in Pink- 
ham Notch [see Pinkham Notch], three miles from 



CUSHING'S ISLAND 21 

the Glen [see The Glen], which is partially fed 
from the dome of Mt. Washington. It is reached 
by a pathway throu.i^h the woods about a third of 
a mile in length, marked by a guideboard at the 
entrance from the carriage road. A rustic bridge 
crosses the stream below the fall from which an 
excellent view is obtained. " Some 70 feet above," 
quoting Eastman's White Mountain Guide, "we 
can see the brook pouring in a single stream 
around the bend. Then the rock broadens into a 
rough stairway, with easy slope, which grows 
wider and wider to the bottom, and down these 
steps the spreading water sheds its white, thin, 
dancing, and broken sheet, showing, now and then, 
through its gauzy texture, the deep green mosses 
clinging to the rocks, which soften its own fall." 
Gushing Island, Me., at the mouth of Portland 
Harbor, and four miles from the city, is bold and 
rocky, its surface gradually rising from the harbor 
side to its southeastern shore, which, at a consid- 
erable altitude, presents a precipitous front to the 
sea, terminating at the northeastern end in a cas- 
tellated bluff of perpendicular rock nearly 1.50 feet 
high. The island is 250 acres in extent, and is cov- 
ered with a dark forest growth along a high ridge 
for its entire length. From these woods the land 
descends on the harbor side to an arable valley, 
and thence to the beaches and ledges which line 
the inner shore. From White Head, a lofty preci- 
pice, a fine view is obtained of the ocean, the bay, 
and the city. Good beaches afford opportunities 
for sea bathing, while both the shore and deep-sea 
fishing are excellent. Fine roads make it possible 
to drive for six or eight miles along the shore 
among beautiful summer residences. A steam- 
boat runs between the island and Portland in the 
summer. 

D 

Davis Bridle Path. A road to the summit of 
Mt. Washington, starting from near the old Mt. 
Crawford House in the Crawford Notch [see Craw- 
ford Notch], which is longer than the other paths, 
but inferior to none in romantic interest. 

Denning' s Lake. See Southwest Harbor. 

Devil's Den. A suggestive name given to many 
of the small caves in the mountain regions of New 
England. The most remarkable cavern bearing 



22 DEVIL'S PULPIT 

this name is on the southern side of Mt. Willaxd 
[see Mt. Willard], near the summit, the mouth of 
which can be distinctly seen in coming up Craw- 
ford Notch. It is only accessible by means of 
ropes from above, and is about 20 feet wide, 15 
feet high, and 20 feet deep. It is so cold and damp 
that neither birds nor beasts inhabit it. 

Devil's Pulpit. See Crawford Notch. 

DixviLLE Notch, characterized by Dr. Jackson, 
the geologist, as more Alpine in its character than 
any other mountain pass in New England, is in 
the extreme northern portion of New Hampshire, 
about 60 miles beyond the White Mountain Range. 
The pass is much narrower than either the Craw- 
ford or Franconia notches, and is much shorter than 
they are. Its length is but a mile and a quarter, 
but it has more of the character of a notch than 
the two mentioned. So narrow is the pass that 
the roadway could only be constructed by building 
up against the mountain's side a substructure of 
rude masonry, not quite wide enough to accommo- 
date two carriages abreast except at certain points 
where turn-outs are provided. The walls of the 
mountains slope upwards so sharply on either side 
that much labor and expense is required every 
year to clear the road of the stones and earth that 
are released from the sides of the mountains by 
the frosts and rain. The decaying cliffs of mica 
slate which overhang the way shoot up in most 
singular and fantastic shapes, and vary in height 
from 400 to 800 feet. It is believed that some have 
crumbled away to half their original height. The 
whole aspect is one of wreck and ruin. Table Rock, 
much the highest pinnacle, juts out from the sointh- 
erly wall of the pass about 100 feet above the road. 
A very steep and difficult path leads to it. It is 
only some six or eight feet wide and about 150 feet 
long, forming the top of the pinnacle, overhanging 
an almost unbroken precipice on each side of sev- 
eral hundred feet. From it Maine, Vermont, and 
Canada can be seen. A few miles to the east is 
Lake Umbagog, and about 10 miles to the north is 
Lake Connecticut, the source of the Connecticut 
River. A path leads from Table Rock to Snow 
Cave, near by, a deep wedge-shaped crevice in the 
mountain, in which ice remains until late in Au- 
gust. The profile of a man can be discerned in the 
face of this cliff, as seen from below. Just before 



DOG MOUNTAIN 23 

the eastern gateway of the Notch is reached, is to 
be seen a flume, and on the opposite side of the 
road in the woods, just beyond the Notch, there is 
a series of beautiful cascades extending nearly a 
mile. The Notch is reached by train from Boston 
over the Concord & Montreal Railroad to Lancas- 
ter, N. H., and thence by stage to Colebrook, N. H. 
The Notch is about 10 miles from there. 

Dog Mountain. See Southwest Harbor. 

DouBLEHEAD MOUNTAIN. See Jacksou. 



Eagle Mountain. See Some's Sound. 

East Chop Light. See Martha's Vineyard. 

East Tilton, N. H. A station on the Concord & 
Montreal Railroad, 97 miles from Boston, remark- 
able for giving the tourist over this route the first 
fine view of the distant mountains. As the train 
rounds Sandbornton Bay, and approaches the sta- 
tion, the Sandwich Range is seen. The peak on 
the left is Sandwich Dome, and in order, toward 
the right, are Tripyramid, Whiteface, Passacono- 
way, Chocorua, and the Ossipee Range. Across 
Lake Winnisquam are to be seen the distant peaks 
of Moosilauke, Lafayette, Kinneo, Cushman, Lib- 
erty, Tecumseh, and other mountains of the Fran- 
conia Range. 

Echo Lake. A small and beautiful sheet of water 
a short distance to the north of the northerly gate 
of the Franconia Notch. [See Franconia Notch.] 
It is remarkable for being the centre of marvellous 
echoes. 

Edgartown. See Martha's Vineyard. 

Elephant's Head. See Crawford Notch. 

Elephant Rock. See Newport, N. H. 

Ellis River. See Pinkham Notch. 

Endicott Rock. A curiously and quaintly carved 
stone near The Weirs [see The Weirs], in mid- 
channel of the lake's outlet. It was accidentally 
discovered a number of years ago, and is supposed 
to be a monument or boundary mark made by two 
surveyors sent out by Gov. John Endicott of Mas- 
sachusetts. It is inscribed with Gov. Endicott's 
name, and the initials of Edward Johnson and 
Simon Willard, who were commissioned to find 
the head of the Merrimack. The rock has been 
raised from its bed in the stream at the point 



24 ENFIELD 

where it flows from the lake, and the greater 
part of it is above the surface of the water. It 
may be seen on the right just before the train go- 
ing north reaches The Weirs station. 

Enfield, N. II. A village situated in the midst of 
scenery of surpassing loveliness. It is 13;^ miles 
from Boston, on the Concord Division of the Boston 
& Maine Railroad. There are several very tine 
ponds in the vicinity, besides Mascomo Lake [see 
Mascouio Lake], on the eastern side of which is 
one of the most prosperous Shaker communities 
in the country. 

Ethan's Pond. A small body of water on the sum- 
mit of Mt. Wiliey, which, although but a short dis- 
tance from the Saco Kiver, linds its way towards 
the southwest, and empties into the Pemigewasset 
Kiver. 

F 

Fabyan's. One of the most noted and popular re- 
sorts, is situated in the very heart of the White 
Mountain region at the junction of the Concord & 
Montreal and the Boston ct Maine railroads, 208 
miles from Boston. A noble view of the Presi- 
dential liange is to be obtained from here, and the 
lengthened scars on the side of Mt. Pleasant, a 
thousand feet in height, and said to represent an 
Indian chief with tomahawk, are plainly visible. 
Xear here are the once famous Lower Ammonoo- 
suc Falls, which have been spoiled by the erection 
of a sawmill above. The river is said to be the 
wildest and most rapid of all the New Hampshire 
rivers, falling nearly GOOO feet in its course of 30 
miles from Mt. Washington to the Connecticut 
River. It has many cascades, one of which, the 
Upper Ammonoosuc Falls, are three and a half 
miles from Fabyan's on the carriage road to Mt. 
Washington. 

Feunald's Point. See Some's Sound. 

Feurix's Pond. See Profile Lake. 

Fiftef:n Miles Falls. See Littleton. 

Flume, Thk. A great fissure in the rocks at the 
base of Flume Mountain at the southerly end of 
Franconia Xotch, and easily reached by a good 
carriage road from the main road running in a 
southeasterly direction about a mile. The Flume 
is about 700 feet long and from 60 to 70 feet in 
depth. The width between these perpendicular 



FLUME CASCADE 25 

walls of granite is a general average of 20 feet, ex- 
cept at the upper end, where they suddenly con- 
tract to about 10 feet, and formerly held suspended 
between them, about midway up their sides, a 
huge bowlder of granite, which at some remote 
period must have come crashing down the moun- 
tain sides till its further descent was interrupted 
at this wonderful place. On June 20, 1883, a great 
storm occurred in the mountains, causing several 
terrific land slides, one of which, starting nearly at 
the top of Mt. Liberty, gathered force wheTi it 
reached the Flume stream, and swept down the 
narrow defile with resistless fury and tremendous 
force, carrying rocks weighing many hundred 
tons, and extending the high walls of the Flume 
some 500 feet. The most serious damage done 
was the displacement of the great bowlder, which 
fell with a terrific crash into the ravine below. It 
was subsequently found lodged some distance be- 
low the mouth of the Flume. Its presence had 
added greatly to the wiidness of the scene, and so 
nicely was it adjusted, and so slight appeared its 
hold, that it gave the impression to one standing 
under it that the slightest touch would be sufficient 
to send it crashing from its resting place into the 
ravine below. At the upper end of the Flume a 
new cascade was formed by the torrent, and an 
immense rock was thrown over upon others, while 
the under side was hollowed out so as to leave a 
grotto of respectable size. A plank walk extends 
up through the Flume beside, and at times partly 
over the stream, which comes tumbling tumultu- 
ously along its rocky bed, and one can follow it 
through this narrow gorge, and, by climbing the 
rocky heights, can obtain an excellent view from 
above. A bridge across the chasm has been 
formed by the fallen trunk of a tree. There is a 
path from the Flume to the Pool. [See Pool, The ; 
also, Franconia Notch.] 

Flume Cascade. One of a series of beautiful 
falls, not excelled for beauty in the whole range of 
mountain travel, a short distance from Crawford 
Plateau. [See Crawford Plateau.] From this point 
a full view of the summit of Mt. Washington is to 
be had. A path up the side of the mountain for 
about a third of a mile leads to the Cascade. 

Flying Mountain. See Southwest Harbor. 

Franconia. A town in New Hampshire situated 



26 FRANCONIA NOTCH 

just north of Franconia Notch [see Franconia 
Notch], and in the valley of Gale River, six miles 
over a pleasant stage road from Littleton, and a 
little less from Bethlehem. The approach from 
the latter place is over a spur of Mt. "Agassiz, and 
the descent into the deep, bowl-shaped valley sup- 
plies one of the most delightful drives in the 
mountains. The nearness of Mt. Lafayette and 
Mt. Gartield and the other grand peaks of the 
Franconia Range gives to the view a startling 
boldness, while the foreground of meadow and 
forest adds rare picturesqueness and beauty. Gale 
River and Lafayette Brook afford excellent trout 
fishing, and other mountain streams are also ac- 
cessible. In the vicinity are Bridal Veil Falls, 
Copper Mine Brook, and Mt. Kinsman Flume. 
[See Bridal Veil Falls.] In the village are the 
buildings of the Franconia Iron Company, which 
began mining operations here in 1S05. 
Franconia Notch. A narrow pass about five 
miles long lying between Mts. Pemigewasset, 
Kinsman and Cannon on the west, and Flume, 
Liberty, Lincoln, Lafayette and Eagle Cliff on the 
east. From the Flume House, at the foot of Pemi- 
gewasset Mountain, to the little plateau on which 
the Profile House is situated, at the north end of 
the Notch, there is an ascent of 54.3 feet, and in 
places the pass is very narrow. An excellent car- 
riage road winds through the forest, with frequent 
glimpses of the high beetling cliffs on either side. 
The Pemigewasset River, here a tumbling, rapid 
stream, is crossed a little distance above the Flume 
House, from which there is a path through the 
woods to Georgianna Falls [see Georgianna Falls], 
two miles below. About three quarters of a mile 
from the hotel, in a southeasterly direction, are 
the Cascade and Flume [see Cascade and Flume], 
and about the same distance in a more easterly 
direction is the Pool. [See The Pool.] Continuing 
up the road for a mile and the Basin [see The Basin] 
is reached. A mile beyond a mountain brook crosses 
the road, and a walk of half a mile up its banks, 
brings one to Walker's Falls, [See Walker's Falls.] 
The frowning southern cliff's of Cannon Mountain 
are seen in front for some distance, while Eagle 
Cliff rises as the eastern wall of the Notch. A 
half mile further up the road is a clearing where 
once stood the Lafayette House, which was de- 



FRANKENSTEIN TRESTLE 27 

stroyed by fire in the spring of 1861, and a mile and 
a half beyond is the trout house where fish are 
bred. A short distance beyond is Profile Lake 
[see Profile Lake], and when it is nearly passed 
the rugged features of the famous profile itself 
come plainly into view. [See Old Man of the 
Mountain.] A half mile further on is a bridle 
path to the summit of Mt. Lafayette, and near by 
a disused carriage road leading to the summit of 
Ball Mountain. A short distance to the north is 
Echo Lake. [See Echo Lake.] Here ends the Notch. 
The Profile & Franconia Notch Railroad, a nar- 
row-gauge road of peculiar construction, enters the 
Notch at this point and has its terminus at the 
hotel. It extends from here to Bethlehem Junc- 
tion, a distance of nine miles, where it connects 
with trains on the Concord & Montreal Railroad, 
and with a branch road four miles long leading to 
Bethlehem village. 
Frankenstein Trestle. See Crawford Notch. 



Gale River. See Franconia. 

Garnet Pools. See Gorham. 

Gayhead. See Martha's Vineyard. 

Georgianna Falls. A beautiful cascade on 
Harvard Brook, between one and two miles from 
North Woodstock, N. H. [See North Woodstock.] 
It can also be reached by a path through the 
woods from the Flimie House about two miles 
long. This place was visited for the first time in 
September, 1858, by a party of gentlemen who, 
with the ceremonies usual on such occasions, gave 
the cascade its name. The honor of discovery is 
also claimed by some Harvard students, and the 
brook still retains the name of their Alma Mater. 
It is the largest waterfall of any previously discov- 
ered among these mountains, the water dashing 
down a precipice, through a mountain gorge, 
nearly one hundred and fifty feet. For about a 
mile there is a series of cascades of indescribable 
beauty. There is also to be seen a charming little 
sheet of water in one of the hollows of the rock, 
which has been named "The Mirror," from its 
wonderful transparency. 

Giant's Stairs, The. See Crawford Notch. 

GiBBs's Falls, A romantic cataract about half an 



28 THE GLEN 

hour's walk from Crawford Plateau [see Crawford 
Plateau]. The water of a brook makes an abrupt 
descent of 30 or 40 feet in two distinct sheets, 
which are separated by a projecting clilL 

Glex. The, a plateau 830 feet above Gorham, N. H., 
valley, and 1632 feet above tide water at Portland. 
It is a magnificent mountain bowl, formed by Mts. 
Washington, Clay, Adams, Madison, Jelterson, 
Carter and Wild Cat There is a carriage road to 
Gorham [see Gorham], eight miles, and to Jackson 
[see Jackson], through Pinkham Notch [see Pink- 
ham Notch], 12 miles. The distance to Glen ISta- 
tion [see Glen Station], is 16 miles, via Jackson. 
The most noted carriage road, however, is the 
famous Mt. Washingtor Carriage Ptoad [see Mt. 
Waslihigton Carriage lload] which has its terminus 
at the Glen. The view of the mountains from this 
point is unsurpassed, and many places of interest 
are in the immediate vicinity, including Osgood's 
Falls and IJaymond's Cataract. 

Glen Ef>i.is V'xi.l, a cataract of exceeding beauty, 
inPinkliam Xotch [see Pinkham Notch], and about 
four miles from the Glen [See The Glen.] An ex- 
cellent i)lank path from the road — marked by a 
guide-board — into the forest leads to the great wall 
of rock about a quarter of a mile from the rock over 
which the Ellis Kiver leaps into the pool 100 feet 
below. The stream first slides through a deep 
groove it has worn in the granite at a very sharp 
angle for some 20 feet, and then leaps as from the 
nose of a great pitcher 60 feet more. On the op- 
posite side is the steep wall of Wild Cat Mountain, 
more than 3000 feet high, and there is probably 
not a wilder or more romantic spot in the moun- 
tain region than this. A series of wooden stair- 
ways lead to the depths below, where the green, 
placid surface of the basin forms a striking con- 
grast to the wild, leaping torrent that feeds it. 

Gloucester, Mass., 28 miles from Boston, an old 
fishing town, reached by steamer and the Eastern 
Division of the Boston & Maine Railroad, is sur- 
rounded by fine points of view seaward, beaches, 
and rocky cliffs. Close to the town is Eastern 
Point, a rocky promontory, on the peak of which 
are the remains of an old fort ; and directly across 
the harbor is the rugged and picturesque East 
Gloucester Peninsula. Excursions can be made 
to "the reef of Norman's Woe," where occurred 



GOLDSMITH'S POINT 29 

"The Wreck of the Hesperus," immortalized by 
Longfellow. It is about two miles from Glouces- 
ter, and is a sombre and threatening mass of rocks. 
About a mile southwest of Norman's Woe is 
Eafe's Chasm, an enormous fissure, 10 feet wide, 
60 feet deep, and 100 feet long, which yawns into 
the cliffside. Not far off is another wonderful 
fissure in the trap-rock ; and beyond is Goldsmith's 
Point, with its colony of summer villas. 

Goldsmith's Point. See Gloucester, Mass. 

Good Harbor Beach. See Bass Rocks. 

Goodrich Falls, the largest perpendicular fall 
among the White Mountains, is about a mile be- 
low Jackson, N. H. [see Jackson], on the Ellis 
River near its junction with the Wild Cat River. 
It is but a short distance on the right from the 
carriage road to Glen Station. After heavy rains 
the view of the fall is very grand, and at all times 
the scenery is wild and iJicturesque. 

GoRHAM, N. H. A thriving village at the junction 
of the Peabody and Androscoggin rivers, 880 feet 
above the sea, and a station of the Grand Trunk 
Railroad. It is the only point from which the 
beauty of the range of Moriah, Carter and the Imp 
can be seen to advantage. Mt. Carter is about 
5000 feet high, and Mt. Moriah is some 200 feet 
lower. Between the two is the Imp, so named 
from the marked resemblance the summit bears 
to a grotesque human countenance when viewed 
from a particular point. Paths lead to the sum- 
mits of all these mountains. To the northwest is 
the Pilot range of hills, and to the east and south- 
east the Androscoggin hills. The summit of Mt. 
Madison is visible from Gorham. Randolph Hill, 
from the summit of which one of the best views 
of the Mt. Washington Range can be obtained, 
can be reached by a carriage drive of about five 
miles. The whole northerly wall of the range, 
from valley to crest, is seen to the very best ad- 
vantage. Berlin Fallsl [see Berlin Falls], on the 
Androscoggin, are six miles distant. Mt. Surprise, 
a spur of Mt. Moriah, is also accessible from Gor- 
ham, as is Mt. Hayes. [See Mts. Carter, Moriah, 
Surprise and Hayes.] A pedestrian excursion to 
the summit of Mt. Madison across the northerly 
ridges of the Presidential Range can be made from 
the foot of Randolph Hill with the assistance of 
a guide. The course is over Mt. Madison, around 



30 GRAFTON NOTCH 

or over the sharp pyramid of Adams, over Jeffer- 
son, between the humps of Mt. Clay to the top of 
Mt. Washiuj,'ton, nearly a day's tramp. This 
route brings into view all the great ravines of the 
range, excepting Tuckerraan's, the long and nar- 
row gulley between Mts. Adams and Madison, 
King's Ravine, named for Starr King, the gulf be- 
tween Mts. Adams and Jefferson on the southeast, 
and the gorge in Jefferson on the northwest. There 
is a good carriage road from Gorham over what is 
known as the Cherry Mountain Road to Jefferson, 
thence over the mountain to the Crawford Notch, 
or to Lancaster, or to the Franconia Xotch. [See 
Cherry Mountain, Jefferson, Lancaster, Franconia 
Notch.] A series of basins in the Peabody River, 
near the Gorham road, curiously hollowed out of 
the rocks and delicately polished by the water, 
have been named Garnet Pools. A drive of eight 
miles over a road that, for the greater part of the 
way, follows the easterly bank of the Peabody 
River, brings one to the Glen and Pinkham Notch, 
through Jackson to Glen Station, and through the 
Crawford Notch. [See Pinkham Notch, Jackson, 
Glen Station, and Crawford Notch.] 

Grafton Notch (also called Bear River Notch), a 
mountain pass in Maine, in which there is a re- 
markable flume known as Moose Chasm. Its 
the walls are as high and perpendicular as those of 
Flume [see The Flume], an I between flows a large 
and noisy stream which plunges beneath a mass 
of superincumbent rock, and disappears from 
sight. Grafton Notch is on the road between Dix- 
ville Notch and Bethel, Me. [See Bethel.] 

Great Gulf. See Gulf of Mexico. 

Grkat Head. See Bar Harbor. 

Great Squam. See Asquam Lakes. 

Green Mountain. See Mt. Desert. 

Green Mountains. The northern portion of the 
great Appalachian chain which for many hundred 
miles fronts the Atlantic coast of the United 
States. Their wooded sides obtained for them 
from the early French explorers the name of 
Monts Verts, and from these words is derived the 
name of the state (Vermont) in which they are sit- 
uated. ^V'ithout attaining any great elevation, 
these hills form an unbroken watershed between 
the affluents of the Connecticut River on the east 
side of the Hudson River and Lake Champlain on 



GULF OF MEXICO 31 

the west, and about equidistant between them. 
South from Montpelier, two ranges extend, one 
toward the northeast, nearly parallel with the 
Connecticut River, dividing the waters flowing 
east from those flowing west ; and the other, which 
is the higher and more broken, extending nearly 
north, and nearer Lake Champlain Among the 
principal peaks are Mt. Mansfield, 4348 feet above 
the sea ; Camel's Hump, 4188 feet ; Killington Peak, 
3924 feet ; and Ascutney, 3320 feet. 
Gulf of Mexico. An immense amphitheatre or 
ravine between Mts. Washington and Clay, down 
which one can look for nearly a thousand feet 
from the Mt. Washington Carriage Road or Rail- 
road. It is also called the Great Gulf. 

H 

Hampton Beach, N. H., reached by stages from 
Hampton, 46 miles from Boston, is a much fre- 
quented resort. Boar's Head is a lofty headland 
extending into the sea and dividing Hampton 
Beach from Rye Beach. [See Rye Beach.] The 
view from its top is very grand. The bathing and 
fishing here are excellent, the scenery fine, and the 
drives pleasant. 

Harvard Brook. See Georgianna Falls. 

Haverhill, N. H. A charming village on the 
Concord & Montreal Railroad, 160 miles from Bos- 
ton. It is situated on the east bank of the Con- 
necticut River, and Newbary, Vt., is on the oppo- 
site side beneath the heights of Mt. Pulaski. Mt. 
Ascutney, a shapely peak, is to be seen in the dis- 
tance down the river. 

Hermit Lake. See Tuckerman's Ravine. 

Highland Lake. See Bridgton, Me. 



Ice Gorge. See Randolph. 

Imp, The. See Gorham. 

Indian Rock. See Rangeley Lakes. 

Infant, The. See Crawford Notch. 

Isles of Shoals, N. H., a group of nine bare and 
rugged islands, lying about nine miles off the 
coast, and reached from Boston and Portstnouth in 
the summer by daily lines of steamers. The 
islands are small in extent, the largest — Apple- 



32 ISLES OF SHOALS 

dore — containing only 350 acres. They all have a 
bleak and barren aspect, with little vegetation, 
and with jagged reefs running far out in all direc- 
tions among the waves. Appledore rises in the 
shape of a hog's back, and is the least irregular in 
appearance, its ledges rise some 75 feet above 
the sea, and it is divided by a narrow, picturesque 
little valley. Just by Appledore is Smutty Nose 
or Haley's Island, low and Hat, with threatening 
reefs. On it are to be seen the graves of fifteen 
sailors, rudely marked, who formed the crew of 
a Spanish ship wrecked there in 1()85. There is 
also a little graveyard containing the remains of 
the hardy pioneer who built a sea wall that yet re- 
mains a monument to his humanity and industry. 
The story of this achievement is told on the tomb- 
stone that marks his grave, as follows : " In mem- 
ory of Mr. Samuel Haley, who died Feb. 7, 1811, 
aged 84. He was a man of great ingenuity, indus- 
try, honor and insight ; true to his country, and a 
man who did a great public good in building a 
dock and receiving into his inclosure many a poor, 
distressed seaman and fisherman in distress of 
weather." About a quarter of a mile beyond is 
Star Island, formerly the site of the odd little vil- 
lage of Gosport. A place of interest is the stone 
church which crowns the crest of the highest 
point. It has a wooden tower on one end, with a 
good-toned bell, which is always rung in foggy 
weather, of which they have but little. Over the 
door is the legend, "Gosport Church — originally 
constructed of the timbers from the wreck of a 
Spanish ship, A. D. 1G85. Was rebuilt in 17'2(), and 
burned by Islanders in 1700. This building of 
stone was erected A. D. 1800." It is about 30 feet 
long. Its walls are a foot and a half thick. It has 
20 stiff-backed pews, which will hold five persons 
each. The pulpit is small and not particularly or- 
namental. Behind it are two stiff, old-fashioned 
chairs, with chintz-covered cushions. During the 
vacation season services are held therein. An- 
other relic of the olden time is Fort Star, formed 
of stone and earth, about 00 feet square. It was 
erected about 1G53. "to withstand foreign enemies 
and to protect the commerce of this island. Re- 
stored in 1002 and garrisoned by a company of Pro- 
vincial forces during the bloody French and Indian 
war. In 1745 this fort was again repaired and 



IJACKSON 33 

manned with nine guns. Dismantled in the Revo- 
lution and the guns sent to Newburyport." On 
the west toward the mainland is Luncheon Island, 
jagged and shapeless, with a diminutive beach, 
while two miles away is the most dangerous and 
forbidding of all these islands, Duck Island, many 
of the ledges of which are hidden insidiously be- 
neath the water at high tide, and at low tide are 
literally covered with seagulls. White Island, the 
most picturesque of the group, is about a mile 
southwest of Star Island, and has a powerful re- 
volving light, visible for fifteen miles around. 
The other three islands are Cedar, Mallagar and 
Seavy. 

J 

Jackson, N. H., a small village situated on the stage 
route between North Conway and the Glen, three 
miles from Glen Station [see these places], in the 
midst of grand mountains on the Wild Cat River, a 
tributary of the Ellis River, which it enters a short 
distance below. Jackson Falls, on the former, and 
Goodrich Falls [see Goodrich Falls] on the latter, 
are places of interest. Fine views are to be ob- 
tained of Iron Mountain, 'Ji)00 feet high, the bald 
peak of Tin Mountain, the two peaks of Double 
Head, one 3000 and the other 3100 feet high. Thorn 
Mountain, Wild Cat Mountain and, from a point 
near by, the house on the summit of Mt. Washing- 
ton. From Jackson excursions can be made to 
the summit of Mt. Washington, Glen Ellis Falls, 
Crystal Cascade, Tuckerman's Ravine, North Con- 
way, Crawford Notch, Pinkham Notch, Carter 
Notch, Thorn Mountain, Winnewetah and Ap- 
palachian Cascades [see these titles], and other less 
notable places. Jackson abounds in beautiful 
walks and drives. 

Jay Peak. See Newport, Vt. 

Jefferson, N. H. A village on the Whitefield & 
Jefferson Branch of the Concord & Montreal Rail- 
road, 210 miles from Boston. It is in some re- 
spects a rival of Bethlehem. It is similarly situ- 
ated upon an elevation, and the pure air and gen- 
eral healthfulness of the locality has made it a 
great resort for invalids and pleasure-seekers. The 
outlook upon the Presidential Range, with Mts. 
Adams and Jetferson in the near front, is ex- 
tremely grand. Starr King declares "Jefferson 



34 JOBILDUNK RAVINE 

Hill may, without exaggeration, be callei the 
ultima Thule of grandeur in an artist's pilgrimage 
among the Xew Hampshire mountains ; for at no 
other point can he see the White Hills themselves 
in such array and force." In fact, every one of 
the great AMiite Mountain group is visible, and the 
railway and hotel on Mt. Washington can be 
distinctly seen. There is also plainly outlined the 
Franconia Mountains, the side of the Willey Moun- 
tain in the Notch, and the line of the nearer Green 
Mountains beyond the Connecticut,— in fact, a 
panorama of hills to the northwest and north, al- 
most as tine as the prospect in that direction from 
the summit of Mt, Washington. Mt. Pliny is the 
ancient name for the long wooded range in the 
northeast part of the town ; and in IHOi the culmi- 
nating part of the range was named Mt. Starr 
King in honor of the author of " The White Hills." 
It is easily ascended, and affords one of the best 
view^s to be had of the Presidential Ptange. The 
memory of the celebrated divine is warmly cher- 
ished by the peoi)le of Jefferson, and they fondly 
recall the hours he used to spend lying on the 
grass and rapturously describing the charms of 
this his favorite side of the mountains. It was 
also, prior to the war. a great resort for Southern- 
ers, and the landlords never tire of telling of the 
time when they numbered among their guests Cal- 
houn, Kandolph and other Southern statesmen. 
There are two ponds in the town,— Cherry Pond, 
upon the line of the railroad, and Pond of Safety. 
[See Pond ot Safety.] The former is the chief 
source of John's River and the latter of the Upper 
Ammonoosue. Israel's River traverses Jefferson 
from the southeast to the northwest. The two 
rivers, John's and Israel's, derived their names 
from two brothers, John and Israel Glines, who 
hunted beaver and other animals along the streams 
before there were any other white settlers in this 
region. By taking a carriage one can enjoy a 
most delightful drive along the base of the Presi- 
dential Range, and from thence to Gorham, over 
what is known as the Cherry Mountain road. [See 
Gorham.] 

JoBiLDuxK Ravine. See Warren. 

Jockey Cap. See Conway. 

John's Peril. See Nahant. 

Jordan's Pond. See Bar Harbor. 



KATAMA 35 

K 

Katama. See Martha's Vineyard. 

KiLLiNGTOX Peak, one of the Green Mountain 
range, is seven miles east of Rutland, Vt., from 
which its summit is reached by a road nine miles 
long. The ascent is arduous, but the view from 
the summit, which is .3,924 feet high, is extremely 
fine. On the north side is Capital Rock, a perpen- 
dicular ledge 200 feet high. Near by are Mts. Ida 
and Pico and Castleton Ridge. Sutherland Falls 
are six miles north, where the Otter River plunges 
over a ledge of rock. 

King's Ravine. A tremendous hollow on the north 
of Mt. Adams, climbed for the first time in 1857 by 
Starr King, and named after him by the guides. 



Laconia, N. H. An attractive town on the Concord 
& Montreal Railroad, 102 miles from Boston. Here 
the tourist by this route catches his first glimpse 
of Mt. Washington, while passing aroung Round 
Bay, if the atmosphere is clear. The Belknap 
Range can also be seen upon the right while jour- 
neying north. 

Lafayette Brook. See Franconia. 

Lake Dunmore, a picturesque sheet of water at 
the foot of the loftiest range of the Green Moun- 
tains [.see Green Mountains], and almost surround- 
ed by bold hills, is reached by stage from Salisbury 
Station, Vt. (five miles), which is 27 miles north of 
Rutland. The lake is about four miles long, and a 
mile and a half wide at the widest part, and af- 
fords excellent boating, bathing and fishing. It is 
named in honor of the Earl of Dunmore, who vis- 
ited it in 1770. On the east side of the lake, the 
massive and forest-clad peak of Moosalamos tow- 
ers to the height of nearly 2000 feet and in a rugged 
ravine just beneath its crest is Llama Cascade, 
where a brook leaps down the mountain side in a 
series of picturesque cascades, which are visible 
from the lake. From the summit of Sunset Hill, 
on the west side, reached by a carriage road, a fine 
view of the Adirondacks, forty miles to the west, 
is obtained. There are many fine drives in the vi- 
cinity. 

Lake Memphremagog, a beautiful sheet of water, 
30 miles long and two to four miles wide, lying 



36 J^AKE OF THE CLOUDS 

partly in Vermont and partly in Canada. It is 
reached by rail to Newport, Vt., 230 miles from 
Boston, via the Passumsic and connecting rail- 
ways. Its shores are rockbound and indented 
with beautiful bays, between which jut out bold, 
wooded headlands, backed by mountain ranges. 
Numerous islands dot its surface. In ascending 
the lake by steamer from Newport, Indian Point, 
the Twin Sisters, and Province Island are passed. 
Then comes Tea^-Table Island, and about half way 
down the lake is a landing from which a footpath 
leads to the summit of Owl's Head, 2740 feet high. 
'I'lie view is very extensive, including the entire 
length of the lake, the White Mountains, Lake 
(Tuimplain, Willoughby Lake and Mountain, the 
St. Lawrence Kiver, and Montreal. Skinner's 
Island and Cave, said to have been the haunt of 
Uriah Skinner, "the bold smuggler of Magog," 
during the War of 1S12, are also near by. 

Lake of the Clouds. A small body of water 
about two miles southwest of the summit of Mt. 
Washington, near the Crawford Bridle Path. [See 
Crawford Bridle Path.] It is 200 feet long, lOO 
wide, and 12 feet deep. Its elevation is 5100 feet, 
and it is the source of the Ammonoosuc River. 

Lake Winxipesaukep:. The largest body of wa- 
ter in the White Mountain region. There are two 
derivations of its name given, both from the In- 
dian tongue. One is " The Beautiful Water in a 
High Place," and the other, "The Smile of the 
Great Spirit." They are equally api)ropriate. The 
lake lies in the two counties of Carroll and Bel- 
knap, and is very irregular in form. Its area, ex- 
clusive of its 274 islands, is upwards of 71 square 
miles, and the distance around its shores is 182 
miles. It is about 25 miles long, and from one to 
seven miles wide. There are 10 islands, having 
each an area of over 100 acres ; and one comprises 
over 1000 acres. Long Island, which is in the 
northern part of the lake, about midway between 
AVolf boro and Centre Harbor, has lately been add- 
ed to the list of summer resorts. At the west end 
the lake is divided into three large bays; at the 
north is a fourth, and at the east end there are 
three others. The waters descend 472 feet on their 
way to the Atlantic, forming a rapid river of the 
same name as the lake, and emptying into the 
Merrimac. There are no very large streams 



LAKE WINNIPESAUKEE 37 

flowing into the lake, and it is supposed that a 
large part of the water supply comes from sub- 
aqueous springs. The largest streams which feed 
the lake are the Merrymeeting and Smith's rivers 
at the southern extremity; the other tributaries 
being short brooks or the outlets of adjacent ponds. 
The waters of the lake are so clear that the fish 
which abound in it can be distinctly seen playing 
among the stones at the depth of many feet. 
While Lake Winnipesaukee is distinctively a 
mountain lake, yet it lacks almost all those wild, 
rough features of mountain scenery which usually 
characterize inland waters in mountainous regions. 
The shore seen from a distance appears, as it is, 
comparatively smooth and level, but the mountains 
rise high on all sides. The islands which dot its 
surface are covered with verdure, and are neither 
rocky nor precipitous. The route by the way of 
Winnipesaukee is the finest approach to the White 
Hills. It has been happily compared to a vast an- 
techamber, from which you look up from the val- 
ley of the Saco to the towering peaks of the moun- 
tains. Many of the most prominent of these are 
to be seen, and even the far distant top of Mt. 
Washington is visible on a clear day, scarcely 
distinguishable from the white cloud it pierces. 
Across the lake rise the higher eminences of the 
Ossipee range, and far in the north are the soft 
blue peaks of the lower range of the great series 
of hills, — Chocorua, Whitef ace, and the rest. A 
more delightful experience than a trip across the 
water among the beautiful islands can scarcely be 
imagined. It is attended with little danger even 
in a squall, for although there are few buoys or 
lights to assist the pilot on his devious course, yet 
so familiar is he with the waters and the undu- 
lating shores, that even in a dense fog the journey 
is made with comparative safety. On leaving 
The Weirs, the boat winds its way among the num- 
berless islands that crowd the course. A fine view 
is had of Red Hill, which is soon lost behind an 
intervening island. An opening strait gives a fine 
view of Rattlesnake Island, and Mt. Belknap or 
Gunstock is to be seen on the right, and on the left 
the ever-present Ossipee. Five miles from The 
Weirs is Bear Island, which is nearly four miles 
long. Upon one of the wild and romantic islands, 
passed by the boat, resided in 1851 an aged spin- 



38 LAKE WINNISQUAM 

ster, familiarly known as "Aunt Dolly," who for 
years lived here, almost entirely cut off from the 
world, cultivating a small farm, and tending a few 
sheep, and occasionally rowing her own skiff to 
the main land. 

Lake Winnisquam. See East Tilton. 

Lancaster, N. H. The shire town of Coiis coun- 
ty, 211 miles from Boston, on the Concord & Mon- 
treal Railroad. Coos is an Indian name signifying 
crooked, and was originally applied to that part 
of the Connecticut River upon which the towns 
north of it are situated. Lancaster itself is not 
mountainous, but is surrounded by high hills. The 
whole range of the White Mountains, the Stratford 
peaks, the dark masses of the Pilot Range, and the 
beautiful Lunenburg Heights are in full view from 
some of its streets. Israel's River empties itself 
into the Connecticut at Lancaster. The drives in 
the neighborhood on either side of the Connecticur 
are unsurpassed, probably, in New England. A 
carriage road leads from here to Jefferson, nine 
miles distant. 

Ledges, The. See North Conway. 

Lenox, Mass. A favorite summer resort of people 
from Boston and New York, noted for the singular 
purity and exhilarating effects of its air and for 
the beauty of its mountain scenery. Among the 
famous characters who have made it their resort 
are Fanny Kemble Butler, Nathaniel Hawthorne, 
and Henry Ward Beecher, all of whom have told 
of its beauties. Excursions can be made to the 
summit of Bald Mountain, which commands a 
very fine view; the Ledge, Richmond Hill, and 
Perry's Peak. This isolated summit is six miles 
from the town, over 2000 feet high, and overlooks 
a vast range of country from the Catskills to the 
Green Mountains. 

Lisbon, N. H. A picturesque village on the banks 
of the Ammonoosuc River, a station of the Con- 
cord & Montreal Railroad, 178 miles from Boston. 
Sugar Hill is the name of an elevated section of 
the town lying near Franconia. [See Franconia.] 

Little Belle Island. See Newfound Lake. 

Little Squam. See Asquam Lakes. 

Littleton. One of the largest and most prosper- 
ous towns in northern New Hampshire, on the 
Concord & Montreal Railroad, 188 miles from Bos- 
ton. It is pleasantly situated in the valley of the 



LIVERMORE FALLS i59 

Ammonoosuc, on both sides of the stream, and ex- 
tends up the neighboring hillsides. The adjacent 
hills afford noble views of the high mountains, 
and there are many drives and rambles in the 
vicinity. The rapids of the Connecticut River, 
known as the Fifteen-Mile Falls, border the town 
for a stretch of thirteen miles, and Waterford, Vt., 
is but five miles distant. Littleton is a favored 
summer resort, owing to its beautiful location and 
being of easy access to the principal mountain re- 
sorts, either by rail, stage-coach, or carriage. Beth- 
lehem is but five miles distant, and the drive over 
the mountain road is one of the most delightful 
that can be imagined. It is also reached by a 
branch of the railroad which leaves the main line 
at Wing Road, six miles from Littleton, and con- 
tinues up the Ammonoosuc valley to Fabyan's. At 
Bethlehem Junction, four miles from the main line, 
connection is made with the narrow-gauge road 
which runs to Bethlehem Street= 

LiVEBMORE Falls. A beautiful fall of water, 
formed by the Pemegewasset River in making its 
way through a rocky defile, between two and three 
miles north of Plymouth, N. H., and 128 miles 
from Boston, on the road to Franconia. It is a 
station of the Pemigewasset Valley Branch of the 
Concord & Montreal Railroad, The State main- 
tains a fish hatchery there. 

Lonesome Lake. A small body of water, up 
among the mountains, southwest from the south 
entrance to the Franconia Notch. [See Franconia 
Notch.] 

Long Pond. See Sebago Lake. 

Long Lake. See Southwest Harbor ; also Bridgton. 

Look-out Ledge. See Randolph, N. H. 

LouGEE Pond. See Alton Bay. 

LovELL's Pond. See Conway. 

Lowell's Island. See Marblehead Neck, 

M 

MiANTONONi Hill, See Newport, R. I. 
Minisquam. See Asquam Lakes. 
Mill Brook Cascade. See Thornton. 
Mirror, The. See Georgianna Falls. 
Moat Mountain. See Conway. 
Moose Chasm. See Grafton Notch. 
Mooselocmaguntic Lake. See Rangely Lakes. 



40 MOOSEHEAD LAKE 

MoosEHEAD Lake, the largest inland body of water 
in Maine, lies among the northern hills, on the 
verge of the great Maine forest. It is reached 
from Boston via railroad or steamer to Bangor, 
and thence via the Bangor & Piscataquis Railway 
to Greenville at the foot of the lake. Another 
route is via the Maine Central Railroad to New- 
port [see Newport, Vt.], thence via Dexter Branch 
to Dexter, lo miles, whence stages run to Green- 
ville. Stages also run to the lake from Skowhegan 
on the Maine Central Railroad, 100 miles from 
Portland. The lake is 3.3 miles long, and at one 
point is 12 miles wide, but near the centre there is 
a pass which is not more than a mile across. It is 
1023 fept above the sea, into which it empties 
through the KtMinebec River. Its waters are deep, 
and abundantly supplied with fish. The most fa- 
vorable time for visiting it, to avoid the ravages of 
the black tly, is from May l.")th to June ir)th, and 
from Aug. 10th to Oct. 10th. A steamer plies be- 
tween Greenville and the other end of the lake, 
and the scenery on the way is exceedingly fine. 
On the west side Mt. Kineo overhangs the water 
with a precipitous front over noo feet high. Its 
summit is easily reached, and from it the lake is 
visible from end to end. To the northeast Katah- 
din stands out in massive grandeur against the 
horizon, .'vW.') feet high. It is a strangely isolated 
and graceful peak, the ascent of which is very ar- 
duous. 

MoosiLAUKE Brook. See North Woodstock. 

Mossy Glex. See Randolph, N. II. 

MouLTOXBOKo, N. H., originally the home of the 
Ossipee Indians. 

Mount Aix Coliseum. See Tuckerman's Ravine. 

Mt. Agassiz. See Twin Mountain Station. 

Mt. Axnanaxce. See AYilloughby Lake. 

Mt. Belknap. See Alton Bay. 

Mt. BoxD. See Twin Mountain Station. 

Mt. Caxxox. One of the Franconia range of moun- 
tains. .'.scu feet high, on the southern face of which 
are the ledges which form the face of the Old Man 
of the Mountain. [See Old Man of the Mountain.] 
The mountain derives its name from a large flat 
rock near its summit, which, when viewed from 
below, bears a strong resemblance to a cannon. A 
footpath leads to a point on the summit above the 
Profile. 



MT. CLEVELAND 41 

Mt. Cleveland. See Twin Mountain Station. 
Mt. Clinton, one of the range forming the Craw- 
ford Notch. Crawford Plateau [see Crawford Pla- 
teau] is at its base, and the Crawford Bridle Path 
[see Crawford Bridle Path] to the summit of Mt. 
Washington, passes over it. Its summit is 4320 
feet above the level of the sea, and it belongs to the 
great range which extends from the Notch north- 
easterly to Mt. Madison, 
Mt. Fhanklin, one of the White Mountain Range, 
4904 feet above the sea level, the summit of which 
can be reached by the Crawford Bridle Path. [See 
Crawford Bridle Path.] It has an irregular, flat- 
tened peak, from which a fine view of Chocorua 
[see Chocorua] is obtained. On its eastern side it 
is almost perpendicular. 
Mt. Garfield. See Twin Mountain Station. 
Mt. Guyot. See Twin Mountain Station. 
Mt. Katahdin. See Moosehead Lake. 
Mt. Kearsakge, sometimes called Pequawket, 
three miles from North Conway isee North Con- 
way], is 3,251 feet higli. A bridle path extends from 
the foot to the top. From the summit the whole 
White Mountain Range is to be seen, with a fine 
and unobstructed view of the peak of Mt. Wash- 
ington. The sharp peak of Chocorua [see Choco- 
rua] with Moat Mountain, 3200 feer high, and Mid- 
die Mountain, 2700 feet high, in the foreground, can 
also be seen with great distinctness. The course 
of Saco River can be traced almost from its source 
through the intervales. 
Mt. Kineo. See Moosehead Lake. 
Mt. Kinsman. One of the Franconia Range on the 
west side of the Franconia Notch [see Franconia 
Notch], 4200 feet high. On its western slope are 
the Bridal Veil Falls, Copper Mine Brook, and Mt. 
Kinsman Flume. [See Bridal Veil Falls.l 
Mt. Lafayette. One of the Franconia range, 5259 
feet high. The view from its summit is very fine, 
including the southern valley of the Pemigewas- 
set, Mt. Washington in the east. Katahdin in the 
northeast, and the hills of Stratford in the north. 
Glancing around the horizon, the rounded summits 
of the Green Mountains and the peaks of Monad- 
nock and Kearsarge are to be seen. Upon the 
mountain is a strange looking stone of large size 
and unusual form named by those who discovered 
it The Altar. [See The Altar.] From the north- 



42 MT. MAJOR 

erly jjate of Franconia Notch [see Franconia 
Notch] is a bridle path to the summit of Mt. Lafay- 
ette. It winds along the base of Eagle Cliff, and 
in some places the ascent is very steep. The time 
occupied in the journey up and down is about 
five hours. 

Mt. Ma.jou. See Alton Bay. 

Mt. Mansell. See Southwest Harbor. 

Mt. Mansfield, the loftiest of the Green Mountain 
Range [see Green Mountains], 4;>4h feet high, can 
be ascended by carriage road from Stowe, Vt. [See 
Stowe.] Its summit has been found to resem- 
ble the upturned face of a giant, showing the 
Forehead, the Nose, and the Chin. The Nose has 
a projection of 4ih) feet, and the Chin is thrust for- 
ward 800 feet. The distance from No.se to Chin is 
a mile and a half. The Old Woman of the Moun- 
tain IS a remarkable profile of the mountain. She 
leans back in her easy chair, her work lying in her 
lap, while she gazes across the valley. The car- 
riage ride up the steep roadway to tlie base of the 
Nose is full of interest, the changing views afford- 
ing a constant succession of new and beautiful 
prospects. The mountain sides, up to near the 
summit, are very heavily wooded, but glimpses 
can be caught of deep ravines. At one place the 
road crosses a bridge that spans a yawning chasm 
in the mountain side. From the summit a steep 
and ragged path leads up the Nose, from the top 
of which the view is little if at all inferior to that 
from Mt. Washington. To the east are the White 
Mountains, 60 miles distant, lying low along the 
horizon. The isolated and symmetrical form of 
Mt. Ascutney rises on the southeast. Southward 
are Camel's Hump and Klilington Peak, with in- 
numerable smaller elevations of the Green Moun- 
tain lliinge. We.stward lies a wide expanse of low- 
land, with many sparkling streams winding about 
among the farms and forests and villages, the city 
of Burlington in the distance, and beyond them 
the beautiful expanse of JjakeChamplain, with the 
blue ridges of the Adirondacks bordering the far- 
thest horizon. On the northwest is the Lamoille 
Valley, watered by the Lamoille and Winooski 
rivers; and far northward are .Jay Peak and Owl's 
Head, the beautiful St. Lawrence, a score of other 
mountain peaks, and Lake Memphremagog. In 
clear weather the mountains near Montreal, 70 



MT. MONADNOCK 43 

miles distant, can be seen with the naked eye. 
The Chin is 350 feet higher than the Nose, and 
may be easily aseended by a path two miles long. 

Mt. Monadnock, (Jaffrey, N. H.) There is prob- 
ably not another mountain of its size in New En- 
gland which is so bare as Monadnock. The whole 
upper portion is a ledge, and it stands out very 
clear against the sky in all its naked and massive 
grandeur. The view from its summit, 3186 feet 
high, is extensive and pleasing, and the climb up 
its sides, while calling for some exertion, is not 
severe. 

Mt. Monkoe, one of the Presidential Range [see 
Presidential Range], 5384 feet high, is inferior to 
Washington rather in height than in symmetrical 
beauty. It has two majestic peaks, and one of its 
sides forms the wall of Cake's Gulf. [See Oake's 
Gulf.] The Crawford Bridle Path [see Crawford 
Bridle PathJ passes along the southeastern side of 
the mountain, several hundred feet below the 
summit. 

Mt. Moosilauke. The highest peak in New 
Hampshire west of Mt. Lafayette. It has an alti- 
tude of 4811 feet, and owing to the fact that it sur- 
passes by from 1000 to 1500 feet the suiTounding 
heights, affords a view which embraces all the 
chains of the White Mountain group, and extends 
into Maine, Vermont, and Canada. It is situated 
chiefly in Benton, a little distance across the line 
from Warren. [See Warren. j The name of the 
mountain has often been corrupted into "Moose- 
Hillock," but its title is of Indian origin, and was 
derived from two Indian words,— moosi, signify- 
ing "bald," and auke, "place," the letter 1 hav- 
ing been inserted for euphony. There is a car- 
riage road from Warren to the summit,— a broad 
plateau from which its Indian name is derived. 
The summit is covered with mosses, Alpine daisies, 
and mountain cranberries. Moosilauke, being en- 
tirely isolated, is one of the grandest of viewpoints 
in the mountain regions. Professor Guyot pro- 
nounces the view the most extensive in New En- 
gland, not excepting that from Mts. Washington 
and Lafayette, over which he says it possesses 
many advantages. 

Mt. Moriah, 4700 feet high, the summit reached 
by a foot path from Gorham, N. H. The ascent is 
not hard, and the view from the top is of surpass- 



44 MT. PLEASANT 

ing beauty. The mountains and valleys of north- 
ern New Hampshire, Vermont, and Maine form 
one great panorama of grand scenery, and on the 
west the great White Mountain Range is seen to 
tine advantage. 

Mr. Pleasant. One of the range forming the 
Crawford Notch, the summit of which is reached 
by a bridle path from the Crawford Plateau. [See 
Crawford Plateau.] It is 4764 feet high, and has 
a peculiarly rounded top which presents a beauti- 
ful appearance from a distance. On the northern 
side are to be seen the etfects of immense slides, 
which are supposed to have occurred, like most of 
those among the mountains, in the memorable 
storm of ISL'ti. It lies between Mts. Clinton and 
Franklin. For another mountain of this name see 
Bridgton. 

Mt. Pkospect, formerly known as North Hill, in 
the neighboring town of Holderness, is between 
four and live miles from Plymouth, N. H. It is 
2072 feet in height, and from its summit a line view 
of the higher mountains and neighboring lakes is 
obtained. There is a good carriage road to the 
top. 

Mt. Resolution. See Crawford Notch. 

Mt. Suhpkise, one of the spurs of Mt. Moriah [see 
Mt. MoriahJ, is about 1200 feet high. The summit, 
which is reached by a bridle path easy of ascent, 
affords an unobstructed view of the grandest por- 
tions of the White ^Mountain ridge. Nothing pre- 
vents the eye from looking down 1200 feet to the 
bed of the Peabody River, and up along the forests 
to the peak of Mt. Madison, the crest of Mt, Adams 
and the summits of Mts. Jefferson and Washing- 
ton. Eastman says, in his White Mountain Guide, 
that " There is no other eminence where one can 
get so near to these monarchs, and receive such an 
impression of their sublimity, the vigor of their 
outlines, their awful solitude, and the extent of 
the wilderness which they bear upon their slopes." 

Mt. Washington. The crown of New England 
lifts its bare, weather beaten summit 629:^> feet 
above the level of the sea. In the month of June, 
1642, Darby Field, one of the hardy pioneers of 
Pascataquack (Portsmouth), accompanied by two 
Indians, made what is believed to be the first as- 
cent of Mt. Washington. The following August 
he led a larger party to the summit. From that 



MT. WASHINGTON 45 

time to 1774 only two ascents are recorded. Old 
Abel Crawford, styled the "Patriarch of the 
Mountain," and for whom the Notch is named, at 
the age of 75 made the first ascent ever made of 
Mt. Washington on horseback. The first bridle- 
path to the summit was cut in 1821 by his son, 
Ethan Allen Crawford, called the "Giant of the 
Hills." This is still known as the Crawford Bri- 
dle Path [see Crawford Bridle Path], and is used 
by pedestrians in walking from Crawford Plateau 
[see Crawford PlateauJ to the summit, a distance 
of nine miles, over the summits of Mts. Clinton 
and Franklin and the sides of Pleasant and Mon- 
roe. The ascent can be made from Fabyan's over 
the Mt. Washington Railroad [see Mt. Washington 
Eailroad], by carriage from the east side of the 
mountain, and on foot from the same side, through 
Tuckerman's Ravine. [See Tuckerman's Ravine.] 
A hasty outline of the view from the summit, 
which is unequalled in extent, grandeur, and beau- 
ty by anything east of the Rocky Mountains, will 
assist the visitor in identifying many points in the 
landscape. Looking north, the Presidential Range 
first attracts attention, the order of the mountains 
being Clay, Jefferson, Adams, and Madison. At 
the foot of Madison is the Androscoggin River, 
the course of which can be distinctly traced to its 
source in Lake Umbagog. The villages of Berlin 
Falls and Milan are just over Mt. Madison. Be- 
yond the Androscoggin is an extensive group of 
mountains in Maine^ Mt. Blue, a sharp peak near 
Farmington, being the most noticeable. Ebene 
Mountain, 135 miles away, has been recognized in 
this direction, and is, probably, the most distant 
point to be seen from here. Looking east, the first 
mountains are the Carter Range, surmounted by 
Carter Dome, and joined on the south by Mt. 
Wildcat. Beyond the Carter Range are seen Mts. 
Baldface, Eastman, Slope, Sable, and Doublehead ; 
then comes a long stretch of lowland, dotted with 
lakes, interrupted by the long ridge of Mt. Pleas- 
ant, near Bridgton. Still further east are Sebago 
Lake and the city of Portland, while the ocean 
itself, between the latter place and the Isles of 
Shoals, is sometimes seen, but is generally difficult 
to distinguish. Looking south, over Tuckerman's 
Ravine and the Ellis valley, North Conway ap- 
pears among the broad intervales of the Saco. At 



46 MT. WASHINGTON 

the left is the beautiful dome of Kearsarge, near 
which is Lovewell's Pond. Walker's Pond is just 
south of North Conway, and on the right the val- 
ley is bordered by the north and south Moat 
Mountains. Next on the right are Ossipee and 
Silver Lakes, and ihen comes the sharp peak of 
Chocorua. A little farther to the right is Lake 
Winnipesaukee, with Mt. Belknap beyond it ; and 
next is the Sandwich Range, including Passacon- 
away, Whiteface, Tripyramid, and Black Mountain 
or Sandwich Dome. Far beyond the latter are 
Monadnoek and the Southern kear.sarge; and Wa- 
chusett, near Fitchburg, Mass., is just at tlie right 
of Whiteface. Mt. Carrigain is the next conspic- 
uous point, and beside it is the similarly shaped, 
but more graceful, Osceola. Looking over the 
southern part of the great range is seen Mt. Wil- 
ley, overlianging Twin ranges. Whiteface, in the 
Adirondacks, l.iO miles distant, can be seen on a 
perfectly clear day. Everything on the summit 
is suggestive of the terrible wars waged by the ele- 
ments in this unprotected region. The few build- 
ings that have been erected are anchored in posi- 
tion by massive chains and cables. The lirst house 
built on the mountain, a small stone cabin near 
the top, erected by Ethan Allen Crawford, was de- 
stroyed by the great storm in which the Willey 
family perished, in 1K26. In IS.jii, J. S. Hull and 
L. M. Kosebrook built what was known as the 
Summit House, a small story-and-a-half structure, 
constructed of rough stones with a sharp wooden 
roof, held in place by chains. A year later the 
Tip-Top House was built by Samuel F. Spaulding 
& Co., and run as an opposition hotel. All the 
lumber for these houses was brought over the bri- 
dle-path on horseback. In 1S73, the new Summit 
House was erected, and the old houses are now 
put to other uses. The old Tip-Top House is 
occupied as the printing office of "Among the 
Clouds," a daily newspaper published through the 
summer. Besides these buildings are the United 
States signal station, an observatory 27 feet high, 
an office and two stables belonging to the coach 
company, and the engine house of the railroad 
company. A mile east of the summit is Tucker- 
man's Ravine [see Tuckerraan's Ravine], and a 
little further on are Hermit and Glen Lakes. Two 
miles southwest of the summit, near the Crawford 



MT. WASHINGTON CARRIAGE ROAD 47 

Bridle Path, is the Lake of tlie Clouds. [See Lake 
of the Clouds.] The ownership of the summit of 
the mountain has been the subject of protracted 
lawsuits. Negotiations, recently concluded, have 
taken the controversy out of the courts, and the 
summit of the mountain has become the property 
of the Mt. Washington Railway Company. 

Mt. Washington Carriage Road. A descent of 
Mt. Washington by ^vay of the carriage road to 
the Glen and Pinkham's Notch [see The Glen and 
Pinkham's Notch], a distance of eight miles, gives 
a pleasing variety to a mountain tour. The road 
is admirably constructed, and the trip with careful 
drivers is attended with no more danger than on 
an ordinary highway The road overcomes an 
elevation of 4750 feet, and the average grade is 592 
feet to the mile, or about one foot in eight. The 
steepest rise, which is near the base, is one foot in 
six. Starting down the mountain, past the monu- 
ment erected to Miss Bourne, the shelving rock 
under which Benjamin Chandler of Wilmington, 
Del., perished in a storm on August 7, 1856, is to 
be seen. A little further below, and at the right 
of the descending road, the ledge is visible where 
Dr. Benjamin Ball of Boston, in 1855, passed two 
nights in the snow and sleet of an October storm, 
and was rescued just in time to save his life. 
Continuing the descent, the great Gulf of Mexico 
yawns on the left of the carriage road, which 
runs along the very edge of this great abyss. On 
the opposite side are Jetferson, Adams, and Madi- 
son, looming up so grandly and distinctly that 
distance seems annihilated. Four miles from the 
summit is the Ledge, which commands a series of 
tine views of the northern peaks of the range, and 
also of the valleys to the east. The road now 
enters the forest, and for the remainder of the 
journey to the base, only occasional views of the 
mountains are to be obtained. Emerging from the 
woods, and passing the toll-house, the Glen and 
Notch are reached. 

Mt. Washington Railway. Previous to 1876, the 
only direct means of reaching the base of Mt. 
Washington from Fabyan's was by a carriage road 
which runs directly through the wilderness. In 
that year an extension of the Concord & Mont- 
real Railroad was built to connect with the road 
to the summit. It is six miles in length, and it 



48 MT. WASHINGTON RAILWAY 

has the steepest srade of any surface road in the 
mountains, the average rise being 183 feet to the 
mile, and the steepest over 3(X). For its entire 
length the road runs through a dense forest, and 
gradually approaches an impenetrable mountain 
wall, with no outlet save by the narrow thread of 
steel which winds around the Hank and up through 
the clouds to the very summit of Mt. Washington. 
The whole chain of peaks may be seen, from Clin- 
ton on the south to Madison on the north, with 
Clay, Jefferson, and Adams towards the east. At 
Marshtield, the terminus of the surface road, is a 
small hotel and the shops and houses of the road, 
all located on the side of the mountain, at an ele- 
vation of 2670 feet above the sea. From Fabyan's 
the road up the side of the mountain appears to 
rise directly from the earth, and creep perpendicu- 
larly up the side of the mountain. From the base 
to the summit it is three miles long, and rises 3606 
feet, an average of one foot in four. It was pro- 
jected by Sylvester Marsh of Concord, N. H., who 
secured a charter for it in 18.58. Many surveys 
were made, but no route seemed practicable except 
the one selected, which is a spur of the mountain 
formerly traversed by the old Fabyan bridle-path. 
Work on the road was begun in 186(5, and the lower 
section as far as "'Jacob's Ladder," w^as opened to 
the public on August 24, l.S(56. The track was fin- 
ished to the summit the following July. The most 
formidable obstacles had to be overcome, and the 
track for almost the entire distance is supported 
by trestle work. The most wonderful piece of en- 
gineering on the road is what is known as "Jacob's 
Ladder," a trestle 30 feet high and 300 feet long, 
where the grade is 19.S0 feet to the mile, or 13 1-2 
inches to the yard. The structure takes its name 
from a steep ledge near this point ascended by the 
bridle path. The essential peculiarity of the rail- 
way is the cog-rail laid in the centre of the track, 
and into which work the teeth of a large cog-wheel 
on each driving shaft of the locomotive, thus mov- 
ing the train up the mountain. The boilers of the 
engines are inclined forward, so as to be nearly 
horizontal on steep grades. Each engine has two 
sets of cylinders and driving wheels, to obviate any 
danger from possible breaking of machinery, and 
in case of accident a system of breaks and checks 
that can effectually hold the train motionless on 



MT. WASHINGTON RAILWAY 49 

the steepest grade or allow the car disconnected 
from the engine to descend at a snail's pace. The 
track is strongly built, and is constantly being in- 
spected. More than 500,000 passengers have been 
carried over the road, and no accident has ever 
occurred. During July, August, and September, 
five engines, each driving but one car, are run, so 
that visitors can start in the morning, having two 
hours at the summit, including time for dinner, 
and return in season to reach any point in the 
mountains the same night; or can go up in the 
afternoon, and descend the next morning, thus 
viewing those most wonderful of sights, a sunset 
and sunrise on the summit. The track also affords 
a direct and comparatively easy means of reaching 
the summit on foot. The only really difficult place 
to be encountered is "Jacob's Ladder," and that 
can be avoided by leaving the track at what is 
known as the " Half-VVay House," where the Fa- 
byan bridle path can, with little difficulty, be fol- 
lowed almost to the summit. By leaving the base 
an hour before the train starts, or even half an 
hour, no danger of being overtaken by it need be 
apprehended, as it moves little faster than a pe- 
destrian would walk, the running time from the 
base to the summit being an hour and a half, in- 
cluding two stops for water. The ascent and de- 
scent have been frequently made by ladies over 
the trestle-work, the descent being the most diffi- 
cult feat of the two. Miss Anna Dickinson is 
credited with having walked from Fabyan's to the 
summit and returned in one day, a distance of 18 
miles. A few years ago two ladies accomplished 
the remarkable and difficult feat of walking from 
the base to the summit and return during a pleas- 
ant forenoon. The wonderful views to be ob- 
tained in the course of the ascent of the great ra- 
vines which scar the sides of Mt. Washington and 
the neighboring mountains will amply repay one 
for the journey, even though it be accomplished 
with some discomfort on foot, and even though 
the summit should be wrapped in clouds. On 
looking back down the track after the start is 
made, the windings of the turnpike can be easily 
traced, and an occasional glimpse of the river, as 
it plays in and out of the forest, is obtained. With 
each step upward the view widens, and Cherry 
Mountain, Jefferson, and a broad expanse of plain 
4 



50 MT. WILLARD 

and mountain is unfolded to the view. Gradually 
the dense forests, chiefl/ of spruce and birch, 
which cover the lower elevations, are left behind, 
and at an altitude of about 4000 feet nothing but a 
belt of dwarf spruces is to be found. Above that 
limit the only remains of vegetation are the Alpine 
flowers, moss of numerous varieties, and coarse 
grass. A view over the south wall is obtained, 
and on reaching the main ridge between Clay and 
Washington, there appears on the left of the track 
the huge Gulf of Mexico, an immense amphi- 
theatre or ravine, down which one can look for a 
distance of almost 1000 feet. A short distance be- 
yond, the monument of Miss Lizzie B. Bourne, 
whose sad death at this spot on Sept. 14, 18.55, has 
been so often told, is passed, and the summit 
reached. 
Mt. WiLLAKD. One of the White Mountain Range, 
about L'570 feet high, overlooking the northern gate 
of Crawford Notch. [JSee Crawford Notch ] The 
ascent can be easily made from Crawford Plateau 
[see Crawford Plateau], over a carriage road two 
miles long. From the summit are to be obtained 
perfect views of the conformation of the Notch 
and the great mountains which form its bounda- 
ries. The most interesting time to visit the top is 
in the afternoon, when the lengthening shadows 
creeping up the side of the mountains on the east 
give a marvellous effect. An exceedingly fine echo 
can be produced by the notes of a cornet. Near 
the summit is the Devil's Den [see Devil's Den], 
and not far away is the Flume, a narrow and deep 
gorge through which a brook finds its way to the 
ISaco River. 

N 

Nahaxt, Mass., 13 miles from Boston, reached by 
stage from Lynn, on the Eastern Division of the 
Boston & Maine Railroad, and by steamer from 
Boston, is situated on a bold promontory of the 
Atlantic Ocean, connected with the main land by 
ridges of sand and stone thrown up by the ocean, 
above which its extreme high point rises more 
than 150 feet. It has a hard beach and splendid 
surf for a mile and a half, and a fine driveway. 
Curious rock formations, caused by the action of 
the waves, are Pulpit Rock, which lies just by the 
lower eastern shore of the horseshoe, betw^een the 



NANCY'S BROOK 51 

Natural Ridge (an arch of rock spanning a narrow 
crevice), and Sappho's Rock, rising 30 feet above 
tlie water, which, at a little distance, appears like 
a pulpit with Bible and prayer book ; Swallows' 
Cave, a gloomy cavern at the lower end of the 
eastern curve of the horseshoe, overhung by a 
dome of irregular strata; John's Peril, which fan- 
cy might take for a yawning fissure in one of the 
cliffs; Castle Rock, a savage natural fortress; 
Spouting Horn, Caldron Clitf , and Roaring Cavern. 

Nancy's Brook. See Crawford Notch. 

Nantucket, Mass. A quaint old town on an isl- 
and of the same name, about 30 miles from Mar- 
tha's Vineyard. [See Martha's Yinej^ard.] It is 
reached by steamer from New Bedford on the 
Taunton Division of the Old Colony Railroad sys- 
tem. The island is of an irregular triangular form, 
about 16 miles long from east to west, and for the 
most part from three to four miles wide. It was 
at one time the chief whaling port of the world. 
It is picturesquely situated, and the old-fashioned 
houses, and the paved streets with the grass grow- 
ing in them, present a very odd appearance. The 
principal attractions are the Clitf at the North 
Shore, whence a wide view is had ; the beaches of 
the South Shore, where the waves roll in grandly 
after a storm ; and Sciasconset (pronounced Scon- 
set), a quaint little fishing hamlet on the southeast 
shore of the island, seven miles from Nantucket. 
It is reached by a primitive railroad, the track of 
which is covered with sand a part of the year. 
On Sanokty Head, one mile north of Sciasconset, 
there is a lighthouse, and from the eminence on 
which it stands, the Atlantic Ocean is visible on 
all sides of the island. 

Narragansett Pier, one of the most popular of 
seaside resorts, is situated in the town of Kingston, 
R. I., on the Narragansett Pier Railroad, at the 
mouth of Narragansett Bay, and is equally attract- 
ive for bathing or riding. The surf is light and 
the water deepens very gradually, which, with the 
absence of strong currents, renders it unusually 
safe. Interesting places in the vicinity are the 
Heights, reached from the beach by street cars, 
and Silver Lake, a picturesque spot. Excursions 
may be made to Newport, Rocky Point, Provi- 
dence, and Marked Rock, a popular excursion 
place a few miles higher up the bay. 



52 NEWFOUND LAKE 

Newfound Lake. A beautiful body of water, 
seven miles long and three miles wide, lying in the 
towns of Bristol, Bridgewater, and Hebron, N. H. 
It is reached by the Bristol Branch of the Concord 
Division of the Boston & Maine Piaiload from 
Franklin. It is a favorite resort of camping par- 
ties. The distance from Bristol to the principal 
camping place is between four and five miles, over 
a good road, ascending most of the way. The 
principal tish are chub, perch, pickerel, black bass, 
lake trout, and land-locked salmon. The lake is 
surrounded by very high hills, and there are three 
mountains at the northerly end. There are quite 
a number of islands, mostly covered with wood, 
supplying camping retreats; Little Belle Island 
being a favorite place. There is a good supply of 
both sail and row boats. The shores have all the 
chracteristics of the mountain lake, being bold and 
precipitous in some places, and at others low and 
sandy. Off Sugar Loaf Mountain, 180 feet of line 
is required for fishing, so deep is the water. 

Newpokt Mountain. See Mt. Desert. 

Newport, K. I., called the " Queen of American 
watering places," is situated on a declivity of the 
southwest shore of the island from which the state 
is named, facing the harbor on Narragansett Bay. 
It is ()9 miles from Boston, and is reached by the 
Providence Division of the Old Colony Kailroad 
system ; also via Newport & Wickford Steamboat 
Company and Continental Steamboat Company. 
The home of the summer residents, known as New 
Newport, stretches away to the south with a great 
number of cottages and villas of the most costly 
and ornate character. In and around the city are 
many interesting and beautiful localities. The 
most notable among the artificial curiosities is the 
Old Stone Mill, claimed by some to have been built 
by the Northmen five hundred years before Colum- 
bus discovered America; but the weight of evi- 
dence appears to be in favor of the theory that it 
was erected by Gov. Benedict Arnold, who died in 
1678, and who spoke in his will of "my stone-built 
windmill." It is situated in Tuoro Park, given to 
the city by Abraham Tuoro, a Hebrew, who was 
born there. Near the Old Mill is a fine bronze 
statue of Commodore M. C. Perry, who was a na- 
tive of Newport. The State House is a venerabel 
old building, fronting on Washington Square in 



NEWPOKT, R. I. 53 

the centre of the city It was erected in 1742. In 
the Senate Chamber is one of Stuart's celebrated 
portraits of Washington. The old Perry mansion, 
occupied by Commodore Perry after his victory on 
Lake Erie, fronts on this square; as does the City 
Hall. Other objects of historical or antiquarian 
interest are the old Jewish Synagogue, in Tuoro 
Street, and the Cemetery close by. The synagogue 
was built in 1762, and up to the Revolutionary War 
was regularly opened for worship. Since then it 
has remained unused, though it and the grounds 
are kept in good order by a bequest of $20,000 left 
by Mr. Touro for that purpose. Other places of 
worship of equal antiquity are Trinity Church, 
which dates from the last century, and has an or- 
gan still in use presented to it by Bishop Berkeley 
(then Dean) during his pastorate there, 1729-31; 
First Baptist Church, 1638; Central Baptist, 1733. 
The Vernon House, corner of Clark and Mary 
Streets, was the headquarters of Kochambeau in 
1780. There are three fine beaches at Newport, 
and the facilities for surf bathing are unexcelled. 
The First Beach is the most popular, owing to its 
being so situated that there is no danger from 
undercurrents. It is about half a mile from the 
hotels, and about a mile east of it is Sachnest 
Beach, which is used only by the more adventur- 
ous, as the breakers are very heavy. At the west 
end of the beach is Purgatory, a dark chasm, KjO 
feet long, from eight to 14 wide at the top, from 
two to 24 wide at the bottom, and 50 feet deep. 
During storms the waves rush through it with tre- 
mendous fury. Above the Third Beach, a long 
secluded strip of sand, are the Hanging Rocks, 
within the shadow of which Bishop Berkeley is 
said to have written his "Minute Philosopher." 
The Spouting Cave, reached by Bellevue Avenue, 
the grand drive of Newport, is a deep cavern run- 
ning back from the sea into the rocky cliffs, into 
which the waves rush madly during a storm, and 
dash through an opening in the roof, sometimes to 
the height of 50 feet. The Glen is a quiet and se- 
questered spot, seven miles out on the Stone Bridge 
Road. The Pirate's Cave, four and one half miles 
from the city, and Miantononi Hill, one mile and 
a half, are favorite resorts. Lily Pond, the largest 
sheet of spring water on the island, is easily 
reached from Spouting Cave. Fort Adams, on 



54 NEWPORT, VT. 

Brenton's Point, three and one half miles from the 
city, is one of the largest and strongest fortresses 
in the United States, mounting HiO guns. Opposite 
it, on Conanicut Island, are the ruins of an old cir- 
cular stone fort, called the Dumplings. From its 
crumbling walls a tine view of the harbor may be 
obtained. Lime Rock, famous as the home of Ida 
Lewis, lies in the harbor beyond Goat Island. 
Brenton's Cove is approached by a causeway lead- 
ing to Fort Adams, and affords the best view of 
Newport that can be obtained. 
Newport, Vt., 2;>0 miles from Boston, is beauti- 
fully situated at the head of Lake Memphremagog 
on what is known as Pickerel Point, and is reached 
by the Passumsic Division of the Boston <Sc Maine 
Kailroad. Prospect Hill, just south of the village, 
commands a fine view of the lake and surrounding 
elevations, prominent among which are Owl's 
Head, Mt. Elephantes, Mt. Orford, Jay Peak and 
Mt. Willoughby. From the summit of Jay Peak, 
4018 feet high, 12 miles west of the village, a fine 
view is obtained of the entire range of the Green 
Mountains, including Mt. Mansfield and Camel's 
Hump, Killington Peak, Ascutney Mountain, 
White and Franconia Mountains, Mt. Kearsarge, 
Lake Champlain. and the Adirondacks. Other 

S laces of interest are Clyde River Falls (two miles), 
lear Mountain (seven miles), and Bolton Springs, 
Canada, (15 miles). 

Norman's Woe. See Gloucester. 

North Conway, N. H. A beautiful village in the 
Saco Valley, surrounded by mountains, 138 miles 
from Boston, 60 from Portland, and 31 from Faby- 
an's on the Eastern Division of the Boston & Maine 
and Maine Central railroads. In the east are to 
be seen the peaks of Kearsarge, on the west the 
Moat, shutting in the valley, and in the north is 
the Presidential Range. The summit of Kearsarge, 
3251 feet high, is reached by a bridle-path, and a 
foot path extends to the top of Moat Mountain. 
The views from these mountains are very fine. 
Among the principal places to be visited in the 
neighborhood are the xlrtist's Falls, more remark- 
able for their beauty than greatness ; Echo Lake, 
the Cathedral, and the Ledges, all situated on the 
opposite side of the river, and about three miles 
distant. Echo Lake is a small stieet of water with 
a remarkable echo, lying at the base of Moat 



NORTH WOODSTOCK 55 

Mountain. There is a series of cliflfs extending for 
four or five miles along the mountain side, varying 
in height from 100 to 800 feet, in one of which the 
Cathedral is situated. This is a cavity in the solid 
granite rising some 80 feet, roofed with solid rock, 
and having a floor about 20 feet in width. Diana's 
Bath, a little farther to the north, is a series of 
basins in the rock, supplied with water by a beau- 
tiful cascade above. Pictured upon the perpen- 
dicular sides of the cliffs, as seen from the village, 
is the figure of a horse. 
North Woodstock. The northern terminus of the 
Pemigewasset Valley Branch of the Concord & 
Montreal Railroad. The village is 21 miles from 
Plymouth, and 150 from Boston. It is within about 
ten miles of the Profile House, with which it is 
connected by stage. The valley here is wide, and 
there are numerous side valleys, a multitude of 
trout brooks, and mountain views on all sides. 
The east branch of the Pemigewasset River enters 
here, coming from a pass through the mountains 
which leads direct to Fabyan's. There is a foot 
path through this valley, leading to numerous good 
trout streams. From the west flows the Moosi- 
lauke Brook, on which is the Agassiz Basin, where 
is some remarkable rock scenery. Through this 
valley a path eight miles long leads to Moosilauke. 
[See Mt. Moosilauke.] There is a point on this 
path where nearly all the Presidential Range and 
many other grand mountains can be seen. Be- 
tween one and two miles from North Woodstock 
is Georgianna Falls. [See Georgianna Falls.] 



Oak Bluffs. See Martha's Vineyard. 

Oake's Gulf. A great ravine formed on one side 
of Mt. Monroe [see Mt. Monroe], and on the other 
by mountains of the White Mountain Range. [See 
White Mountain Range. 1 Its walls are a series of 
perpendicular craggy precipices, and its bottom is 
covered with huge rocks scattered in wild confu- 
sion. The Crawford Bridle Path [see Crawford 
Bridle Path] passes along its southwestern side on 
Mt. Monroe. 

Ogunquit Beach. See York Beach. 

Old Maid of the Mountain. See Crawford 
Notch. 



56 OLD MAN OF THE MOUNTAIN 

Old Man of the Mountain, The. A remarka- 
ble resemblance to the human face to be seen in 
the Franconia Xotch [see Franconia Notch] about 
half a mile from its northerly gate. It is formed 
by a series of three ledges on the southern face of 
Mt. Cannon [see Mt. Cannon], nearly ir)00 feet 
above the lake at its base, one of which forms the 
forehead, another the nose and upper lip, and the 
third the chin. The brow is massive and project- 
ing, the nose straight, finely cut and sharply out- 
lined, the lips thin and senile and slightly parted, 
and the chin is well thrown forward, with exact 
proportionate length. The length of the Profile is 
from (JO to <S() feet. As a whole it is symmetrical, 
and, as seen from one point in the valley, perfectly 
distinct and clear. When viewed from the front, 
however, all resemblance to a human face is lost, 
and it is onlv at the place where a guideboard has 
been erected by the side of the road that the Pro- 
file is to be distinctly seen. It was (Uscovered in 
1805 by two men at work on the Notch road, and 
since then has been an object of absorbing inter- 
est. The precipice, of which it forms the extrem- 
ity, is not unlike the Palisades of the Hudson in 
appearance. It extends for nearly two miles along 
the escarpment of the mountain, and is a promi- 
nent part of the scenery of the section. 

Old Okchakd Beach, four miles from Saco, Me., 
reached by stage, or by trains on the Western Di- 
vision of the Boston & Maine Kailroad, is the finest 
beach in New England, and, 'Bfter Swainpscott and 
Rye, the most frequented and fasliioiuible. It is 
nearly 10 miles long, is hard and smooth as a floor, 
shelves gently to the water, and afl'ords unsur- 
passed surf bathing. On Foxwell's Brook is a wa- 
terfall of GO feet, surrounded by wild and romantic 
scenery. The fishing and shooting in the vicinity 
are excellent. 

Old Woman of the Mountain. See Mt. Mansfield. 

Oquossoc Lake. See Kangeley Lake. 

Osgood's Falls. See The Glen. 

Owl's Head. See Lake Memphremagog. 



Pemigewasset Mountain. A high spur of Mt. 
Kinsman. [See ^Nlt. Kinsman.] From its summit 
a fine view is obtained of the superior peaks on the 



PEMIGEWASSET VALLEY 57 

opposide side of the Francoiiia Notch and of the 
valley southward. 

PEMIGEWASSET Valley. A beautiful stretch of 
country extending on either side of the Pemige- 
wasset River from Plymouth, N. H., to the Fran- 
conia Notch. In it are the towns of Campton, 
Thornton, and Woodstock. It has always been a 
favorite resort for artists and tourists. The ap- 
proach to the mountains of the Franconia range is 
full of interest, furnishing, as it does, a constant 
succession of beautiful landscapes. The valley in 
many places is broad, and the intervales are rich 
and fertile. The river flows placidly at times 
through green and luxuriant meadows, and then 
in rapid and headlong torrent over a pebbly bed. 
The dark hills rise on either side, and in the dis- 
tance are the bold outlines of Mts. Lafayette, Lin- 
coln, Liberty, Flume, Pemigewasset, Cannon, and 
Kinsman. A turn in the road reveals a most 
charming picture, and the broad outline of the 
mountain forms about the Franconia Notch be- 
come more and more distinct. At Campton, the 
view opens to the right up the Mad River Valley, 
completely shut in by dark hills. The upper part 
of the valley is mainly a wilderness, with but few 
houses until the Flume and Profile Houses are 
reached. Beyond North Woodstock [see North 
Woodstock] the valley narrows, and the dark 
mountains close in upon either side, with here and 
there a little intervale of field and meadow, with 
miles of forests beyond. Little Coolidge, Big 
Coolidge, and the Potash mountains rise upon the 
right, Pemigewasset Mountain on the left, while 
in front, apparently obstructing further progress 
in that direction, are the huge forms of Flume, 
Liberty, Lincoln and Lafayette. Here begins the 
Franconia Notch. [See Franconia Notch.] 

Perry's Peak. See Lenox. 

Phillips Beach. See Swampscott. 

Pigeon Cove, 33 miles from Boston, on the Eastern 
Division of the Boston & Maine Railroad, is situ- 
ated at the extreme point of Cape Ann. By reason 
of the great beauty and sublimity of its scenery, 
the healthfulness of its climate, its medicinal 
springs, its splendid surf and still-water bathing, 
it is a much frequented summer resort. 

PiNKHAM Notch. A pass about 10 miles in length, 
running between Mts. Washington and Carter from 



58 PLEASANT MOUNTAIN 

the Glen [see The Glen] to Jackson Village. [See 
Jackson.] Starting from the Glen, the carriage 
road follows closely the Peabody River, passing 
Emerald Pool on the right, a quiet basin in the 
river which is in strangs contrast to the tumultu- 
ous water that enters it. Then comes Thompson 
Falls [see Thompson Falls] a little beyond, on the 
left. About two or three miles from the Glen, the 
road crosses the river twice in quick succession, 
and reaches the highest point of the Notch. The 
Peabody and Ellis Rivers here issue from the for- 
est on the right in nearly parallel courses, and 
very near to each other. The Peabody turns ab- 
ruptly down the ravine to the north to unite with 
the Androscoggin River, while the Ellis River 
takes the opposite course down the Notch towards 
the Saco River. Between these two streams is the 
entrance to the Crystal Cascade [see Crystal Cas- 
cade], and a little further on, on the left, is the 
path to the Glen Ellis Falls. [See Glen Ellis Falls.] 
Passing down the Notch for two or three miles, an 
opening gives a line view of Mt. Washington. It 
was near here that Captain Joseph Pinkham set- 
tled in April, ITSM), coming up over the snow with 
his family, bringing all their household goods on 
a handsled. Daniel Pinkham, one of his sons, con- 
structed the road througli the Notch which bears 
his name. This is really the foot of the Notch, and 
Jackson is some miles beyond. 
Pleasant Mountain. A line of wooded heights in 
Bridgton [see Bridgton] and Denmark, Me., be- 
tween the Saco Valley and the Morse Ponds. It 
consists of several rounded crests separated by 
shallow ravines, and from distant points presents 
the appearance of a long wall. On account of its 
Isolated position, its summit, 2018 feet above the 
sea, is one of the best points from which to obtain 
a distant view of the outlines of the great White 
Mountain Range. Some 50 lakes and ponds may 
be distinctly seen with the naked eye. Looking 
eastward are to be seen Moose Pond, Wood's Pond, 
Highland Lake, Long Lake, the Bay of Naples, 
the Harrison and Otisfield hills, and the villages 
of Bridgton, North Bridgton and South Bridgton. 
Southward are Saddleback Mountain, Mt. Cutler, 
Sebago Lake, and Portland. In the west are Brown- 
field and the Ossipee Mountains. In the north- 
west, the Saco River, Lovewell's Pond, Pleasant 



PLYMOUTH, N. H. 59 

Pond, Round Pond, Kezar Pond and River, Jockey 
Cap, Oak Hill, Fryeburg Village, and Mt. Choco- 
rua ; and further north, Kearsarge and the White 
Mountain Range. In the northeast, Waterford 
Village, Bear and Hawk Mountains, Norway, and 
Paris Hill. 

Plymouth, N. H. One of the most beautiful towns 
in New England, on the Concord & Montreal Rail- 
road, 126 miles from Boston. The Pemigewasset 
Valley Branch diverges from the main line at this 
point. Plymouth is delightfully situated on a ter- 
race above the west bank of the Pemigewasset 
River at a point where the valley widens into broad 
intervales, to which a veritable forest of elms gives 
a cool and inviting appearance. One of the prin- 
cipal objects of interest in the village is the old 
court-house in which Daniel Webster made his 
first plea before a jury. It originally stood in the 
south part of the town, but in 1875 it was removed 
to its present position in the rear of the new court- 
house, and converted into a library building. It is 
a small, one-story structui'e, and has a quaint and 
antiquated appearance. There are many charm- 
ing drives in the vicinity of Plymouth, and proba- 
bly none of the mountain towns presents greater 
attractions in this way. Near by, at Livermore 
Falls [see Livermore Falls], is the fish-hatching es- 
tablishment belonging jointly to the States of New 
Hampshire and Massachusetts ; and five miles dis- 
tant is Mt. Prospect. [See Mt. Prospect.] There 
are three routes from Plymouth to the White 
Mountains, viz : the Concord & Montreal Railroad, 
which runs along the east side of the great range ; 
the stage coach, in which a delightful ride of 29 
miles carries the traveller completely through the 
Franconia Notch; or the Pemigewasset Valley 
Railroad, which affords an opportunity of making 
the trip along the banks of the river through a 
perfect wilderness to North Woodstock. 

Pond of Safety. A small body of water 2000 feet 
above the level of the sea, high up among the 
mountain ridges at Jefferson, N. H. It is the chief 
source of the Upper Ammonoosuc River. 

Pool, The. A famous and wonderful freak of 
nature near the southerly gate of the Franconia 
Notch [see Franconia Notch], and about half a mile 
east from the main road. A path through the 
woods leads directly to it. The Pool is a deep ex- 



GO PORCUPINE ISLAND 

cavation in the {granite as though hewn by human 
hands, and holds the waters of Pemigewasset 
River, here a small stream, which enter by a cas- 
cade from the upper extremity, and escape through 
an opening in the mass of rocks at the lower side. 
The width of this formation is about 14t) feet, and 
its depth about 40 feet. The distance from the 
brink of the wall above to the surface below is 
nearly 150 feet. The presiding genius for j-ears 
was a man who apparently lived in a boat of some- 
what novel construction that floated on the waters 
of the Pool, and who for a small sum would give 
any one who desired a ride in his ark-like dwelling. 
He liad a wonderful degree of conlidence in the 
healthfulness of his habitation, and boasted that 
during the many summers he had lived in this 
secluded spot he had never had a cold. He con- 
structed a path from the Pool to the Flume which 
considerably shortens the distance between the 
two places. 

PoiicupiNE Islands. See Bar Harbor. 

PoTTEH Place. See Mt. Kearsarge. 

Pkesidextial Rancje. The six mountains in the 
White Mountain Range [see White Mountain 
Range] named for Presidents of the United States. 
They are Washington, Jefferson, Adams, Jackson, 
Madison, and Monroe. 

Pkofilk Lake. A beautiful sheet of water at the 
foot of Cannon ^Mountain in the Franconia Notch. 
[See Franconia Notch.] It was formerly known as 
Ferrin's Pond. 

Profile Mountain. See Cannon M(mntain. 

Profile, The. See Old Man of the Mountain. 

Prospect Hill. See Alton Bay. 

Pulpit Rock. See Nahant. 



Rape's Chasm. See (xloucester. 

Ragged Moixtaix. See Andover. 

Randolph. A village six miles from Gorham, and 
nine miles from Jefferson, located among the 
northern peaks of the White Mountains, 1200 feet 
above sea level, on the main road from .Jefferson to 
Gorham [see Jefferson and Gorham], which passes 
over the crest of a hill (»00 feet higher than the vil- 
lage, from which eminence maybe obtained excel- 
lent views of Mts. Madison and Adams, and the 



RANDOLPH ULLL 61 

remarkable gorge of King's Ravine. [See King's 
Ravine.] There are walks and diives from Ran- 
dolph to Mossy (ileii, htci (jor^e, Salaniaeis, (loid 
lirook, Triple Fulls, Roiid of Safety, iiook-out 
Ledge, King's Ravine, Jelfersoji Highlands, Crys- 
tal Cascade, Glen Ellis Falls, and the summit of 
Mt. Washington. 

Randoi.I'JI lliij.. Se(» Gorham. 

Ranciklky LAfCKS, situated ou the northwest coast 
of Maine, within tin? borders of its gr(iat forest re- 
gion, comprise a chain of i)ictiires(ju(^ bodi(is of 
water, connected by narrows and streams, extend- 
ing from the 0<iuossoc or Ivangeley I^ako, 1511 feet 
above the sea, to the IJmbagog, I2r»{i feet above the 
sea, forming one continuous wattn- way for a dis- 
tance of nearly M miles, and embraciing K() s(|uare 
miles of water surface. Kach lak(i has its in<livi<l- 
ual name, but the chain is known collectively by 
the title given above. The lakes can be reached 
by the Maine Central Railroa'l to Farmington, H;i 
miles from Portland; thence the Sandy Iviver Rail- 
road to Rhillips; and from there by Phillips <Sc 
Rangeley Railroad to Rangeley, a distance of 
21) miles. Indian Rock, near by, is a favorite old 
Indian cami)ing ground, and is a head(juarters 
for sportsmen, i)eing the most central point in that 
region, and within lialf a mile of the great Moose- 
locmaguntic an«l (Jatsnptic l^akes. All the waters 
of this region abound in lish, and the forests in 
game. 

Raymond's Catauact. See The Glen. 

Red Hill. A. mountain situat(Ml in the town of 
Moultonboro, about four miles distant from Centre 
Harbor [see Centre Harbor], from which tlnM'e is 
a good wagon road to tiie base. It is 2o;5« feet high, 
and the summit is reacluid by a bridle path. It is 
by no means dillicult to climb. The top, being 
destitute of trees and bushes, alfords an uninter- 
rupted prospect of the lake and distant mountains. 
In clear days the peaks of the White Mountains 
are discernible in the distant north, the Ossipee 
Mountains are visible in the east, a little to the 
north is ('hocorua, and still farther away are to be 
seen the mountains of Maine. Kearsarge and Mo- 
nadnock are plainly visible at the southwest, and 
Belknap at the southeast. S(juam Lake, dotted 
with beautiful green islands, fring<id with beaches 
of white sand, adds its manifold charms to the 



62 RIDGE ROAD 

view in the west. To see Lake Wiiinipesaukee at 
its best, the ascent of Red Hill should be made in 
the very earlj- morning, or in the afternoon. The 
rising and the setting sun gives a peculiar charm 
to this most charming of lakes, and, with the ad- 
vancing and receding light, the shadows of the 
hills rise and fall on its surface, forming myriads 
of weird and fantastical figures. The mountains 
on the opposite shore in the afternoon change 
from a glow of crimson to a brown purple, intro- 
ducing, with gorgeous effect, all the intermediate 
tints. Coaches leave Centre Harbor for Conway 
and Xorth Conway regularly every day, soon after 
the arrival of the morning boats from the Weirs 
and Alton Bay. 

Ridge Road. See Conway. 

RoAinxG Cavekx. See Nahant. 

KocKPoiiT, :35 miles from Boston, on Cape Ann, is 
a popular seaside resort. It is reached by the Cape 
Ann Branch of the Eastern Division of the Boston 
& Maine Railroad. Fine bathing and grand sea 
views are its chief attractions. At the entrance to 
the harbor is Thatcher's Island, on which are two 
famous lighthouses. 

Rocky Bkaxcii, a small mountain stream in Craw- 
ford Notch [see Crawford Notch] which empties 
into the Saco River [see Saco River] near Upper 
Bartlett. [See Upper Bartlett.] It is fed by the 
mountain rixiilets, and its banks overflow fre- 
quently in the spring. At the time of the Willey 
Slide, described under the title Crawford Notch, 
it rose so rapidly as to surround a log cabin on its 
banks before the inmates could make their escape. 
It was floated down the .stream, but grounded on 
the summit of a little hill, where the frightened 
family landed in safety. 

Rocky Poixt, R. I., famous for its clam bakes, is 
situated on Narragansett Bay. On the summit of 
a hill is an observatory 125 feet high, from which 
an extended view of the bay is to be obtained. 

Rumfokd Falls. See Bethel. 

Rye Beach, the most fashionable of the New 
Hampshire beaches, is reached by a delightful 
drive of seven miles from Portsmouth, .5(5 miles 
from Boston, on the Eastern Division of the Boston 
& Maine Railroad, or by stage from North Hamp- 
ton station. The surf is particularly fine and 
without any undertow. From Straw's Point, near 



SACO LAKE 63 

by, a grand view is obtained, including the Isles 
of Shoals [see Isles of Shoals], and a great extent 
of coast line. 

S 

Saco Lake. See Crawford Plateau. 

Salisbury Beach, N. H., one of the best on the 
coast, extends about six miles from the mouth of 
the Merrimac River, at Newburyport, 36 miles 
from Boston, on the Eastern Division of the Boston 
& Maine Railroad, to the Hampton River, and is 
so firm and hard that a horse's hoofs make hardly 
any impression. During the summer months it is 
a lively and popular resort. The shore descends 
very gradually, and the bathing is excellent. 

Sanbornton Bay. See East Tilton. 

Sankoty Head. See Nantucket. 

Sappho's Rock. See Nahant. 

Sawyer's Rock. See Crawford Notch. 

SciASCONSET. See Nantucket. 

Screw-Auger Falls. See Bethel. 

Sea View Boulevard. See Martha's Vineyard. 

Sebago Lake. A station of the Maine Central 
Railroad, 17 miles from Portland, Me., on Sebago 
Lake. The Adventists hold campmeetings here, 
and it presents many attractions in the way of ex- 
cursions on the lake, boating, and fishing. 

Sebago Lake, a beautiful body of water in Cum- 
berland County, Me., on the line of the Maine 
Central Railroad, 17 miles from Portland, and 74 
miles from Fabyan's. Its name is of Indian origin, 
meaning a " stretch of water." It is l-t miles long 
by 11 wide, and receives the waters of 2.3 ponds. 
There are but few islands in the lake, the greater 
part of which is an unbroken expanse of water, 
flanked by low shores, from which rise gracefully 
curving ridges. Leaving Sebago Lake Station by 
steamer, the tourist passes Indian Island, with an 
area of 75 acres, and Frye's Island, with its thou- 
sand acres of dense forest. Sailing up the eastern 
shore, the Notch, a narrow neck of water between 
the island and Raymond Cape, is entered. Below, 
on the right, are the Images, a curious mass of 
rocks rising perpendicularly from the water nearly 
70 feet, and then sloping in jagged, fanciful shapes, 
to a further height of some 30 feet. Here, too, is 
the Cave, which possesses a peculiar interest from 
the fact that it was a favorite boyhood haunt of 



64 SHEEP MOUNTAIN 

Nathaniel Hawthorne. It is a square aperture, 
four feet by six, in tlie solid rock, into which the 
great novelist was wont to sail in his tishins boat 
to a distance of 25 feet, and then clamber through 
a short passage to the outer world, To the north- 
west is to be seen the early home of Hawthorne. 
The scenery on the west is wilder and more rugged. 
Saddleback Mountain, in Baldwin, is plainly visi- 
ble, from which the eye roams northeast to Peak- 
ed Mountain, beyond which the view extends 
northward to Mt. Kearsarge and the White Moun- 
tain Kange. At its northwestern end the lake 
connects, by the Songo River, with Long Fond, a 
river-like body of water nearly 14 miles long, and 
only two miles wide. The distance between the 
two lakes is but two and a half miles, but the 
Songo, the crookedest of all rivers, makes 27 turns 
and covers a distance of six miles. The passage 
up the river is the most interesting part of the trip. 
Five miles from its mouth is the Lock, by which 
the steamers and other craft plying upon these 
waters are raised from the level of the lower to the 
upper lake. One mile above is the Bay of Naples, 
two miles long, and Chute's River, a short stream, 
connects it with Long Lake. From there to Bridg- 
ton [see Bridgton], the distance is nine miles, and 
the places of interest passed are Long Point, Bear 
Point, Lovejoy's Island, Mast Cove Landing, 
Pleasant Point, and Mt. Henry. The steamer con- 
tinues on a few miles northward to the pretty vil- 
lage of Xorth Bridgton, and across the head of the 
lake to Harrison Village. 

Sheep Mountain. See Alton Bay. 

Silver Cascade. A perpendicular fall of a small 
stream of water for nearly 4(H) feet in the Crawford 
Notch [see Crawford Notch] just below the north- 
ern entrance. It glides over the surface of the 
ledge above in an unbroken sheet of water after a 
heavy rain, concealing with spray a huge rock just 
below the summit, which during a drought divides 
the current. At first the water is diffused over a 
broad surface, but, before reaching the base, it is 
compressed into a very narrow channel. From the 
bridge which crosses the stream at the base of the 
mountain, a fine view is to be had of this remark- 
able fall. 

Smuggler's Notch. A wild and picturesque pass 
between Mts. Mansfield [see Mt. Mansfield] and 



SMUTTY NOSE ISLAND 65 

Stirling. It is eight miles from Stowe, Vt. [see 
Stowe], from which it is reached by a very good 
road. The sides of the Notch rise to an altitude of 
1000 feet, the upper verge of the clilifs towering 
above the fringe of trees on their sides. The floor 
is covered with immense boulders and fallen masses 
of rocks, covered with mosses and ferns. Even 
great trees have found nourishment in the crevices 
between the rocks in this dimly lighted vault, their 
roots encircling the huge boulders in their search 
for soil and moisture. 

Smutty Nose Island. See Isles of Shoals. 

Snow Aech. A cave formed by the action of the 
water on the snow in Tuckerman's Ravine. [See 
Tuckerman's Ravine.] The snow is blown over 
from the summit of Mt. Washington by the north- 
west winds in winter, forming a drift of a hundred 
feet deep under the arched walls of the ravine. 
The warm streams from the mountain during the 
spring and summer tunnel this bank till they form 
an arch under which a person can easily walk. A 
measurement of this Arch in August, 1855, showed 
it to be about 300 feet long, 70 feet broad, and 15 
feet deep. The roof was five feet thick, and so solid 
that it was with difficulty cut with a hatchet. The 
bank usually remains till the last of August. 

Sno"W Cave. See Dixville Notch. 

Somes' Sound is an inlet extending nine miles into 
the southern extremity of Mt. Desert Island. It is 
deep enough for an ocean steamer, but so narrow 
that from the deck of the Golden Rod, that plies 
between Somesville at its head and Bar Harbor, 
the voices of the men at work on the great stone 
ledges on either side can be distinctly heard, the 
stroke of their hammers making a musical accom- 
paniment to the motion of the steamer. There are 
striking views on either hand. Eagle Cliff rises 
perpendicularly to a height of nearly 1000 feet on 
Eagle Mountain, and Fernald's Point, on the west 
side of the Sound, is the site of the ancient Jesuit 
settlement of St. Sauveur, near which is Father 
Biard's Spring. The Sound affords excellent fish- 
ing and boating. 

Somesville. A favorite resort at the head of 
Somes' Sound, Mt. Desert. 

SoNGO River. See Sebago Lake. 

Spouting Horn. See Nahant. 



(56 SORRENT 

Sorrento. One of the most charming spots along 
the Maine coast. It is just six miles across from 
Bar Harbor [see Bar Harbor], and was originally a 
part of tSullivan. It was named by the late Rev. 
H. Bernard Carpenter, who was quick to note the 
resemblance in its situation to that beautiful city 
on the Bay of Naples. There are many fine sum- 
mer residences and a spacious hotel along the ter- 
races that edge Frenchman's Bay, and by driving 
a few miles one is immediately in a thickly wooded 
country which tempts the sportsman by its famous 
trout streams. Tunk Pond, a few miles inland, is 
one of the many attractive camping places of the 
locality. 

Southwest Harror is on the southwest side of 
Mt. Desert, an island in Frenchman's Bay, just off 
the coast of Maine, about 110 miles east of Portland, 
and 40 miles southeast of Bangor, reached by the 
main line of the Maine Central Railroad to Ban- 
gor, or by the boats of the Boston & Bangor Steam- 
ship Company, and thence by the Mt. Desert 
Branch to Bar Harbor Ferry Station. The island 
is 14 miles long, and eight miles wide at its widest 
part. At its northern end it approaches so near 
the main land that they are connected by a bridge. 
Nearly midway it is pierced by an inlet known as 
Somes' Sound [see Somes' Sound], which is seven 
miles long. In his "Summer Cruise," Mr. Carter 
says of Mt. Desert: "The island is a mass of 
mountains crowded together, and seemingly rising 
from the water, As you draw near they resolve 
themselves into 13 distinct peaks, the highest of 
which is about 20()i) feet above the ocean. Certain- 
ly only in the tropics can the scene be excelled." 
The mountains are mainly upon the southern half 
of the island, and lie in seven ridges running nearly 
north and south. The highest peak is Green 
Mountain, and the next, separated from it by a 
deep, narrow gorge, is called Newport Mountain. 
The western sides of the range slope gradually 
upward to the summits, but on the east they con- 
front the ocean with a series of stupendous clitTs. 
High up among the mountains are many beautiful 
lakes, the largest of which is several miles in 
length. These lakes, and the streams that flow 
into them, abound in trout. There are several 
summer resorts on the island, the best known of 
which are Southwest, Northeast and Bar Harbor. 



SQUAM LAKE 67 

[See Bar Harbor.] Southwest Harbor, while less 
picturesque in Its surroundings than the eastern 
and northern shores, has several points of interest. 
Chief of these is the sea wall, three miles south- 
west, a mass of shattered rock skirting the shore 
for a mile, against which the sea beats with tre- 
mendous force- Beach, Dog, Flying, Mansell, and 
Sargent's mountains may all be ascended from here 
affording fine views. Long Lake is about two miles 
northwest; Denning's Lake about three miles 
north, and Seal Cove, five miles west. The scenery 
is fine, and the lakes abound in fish. 

Squam Lake. See Asquam Lake. 

Star Island. See Isles of Shoals. 

Stowe. Vt. a small town reached by stage from 
Waterbury, 12 miles north, delightfully situated 
on a plain, surrounded by noble mountain scenery. 
From Sunset Hill a fine view is obtained of the 
village and its natural attractions. Among the 
favorite excursions are those to the summit of Mt. 
Mansfield [see Mt. Mansfield], Moss Glen Falls 
(three miles), and Gold Brook (three miles). Next 
to the ascent of Mt. Mansfield, the great attraction 
is Smuggler's Notch. [See Smuggler's Notch.] 

Straw's Point. See Rye Beach. 

Sugar Hill, N. H. See Lisbon. 

Sullivan Harbor has undoubtedly the best view 
of the magnificence of Mt. Desert scenery of any 
neighboring resort. It is just a pleasant sail from 
Bar Harbor, and during the summer steamers run 
frequently. One of the features of this place is 
its great elm trees that shade the natural terraces 
that form its roads, all running parallel with 
Frenchman's Bay. Sullivan is on the main land, 
and its drives in all directions are a delight in all 
seasons. 

SuNAPEE Lake. A beautiful sheet of water in a 
basin on the height of land which divides the wa- 
ters of the Connecticut and Merrimac rivers, and 
borders the eastern part of Sullivan and the west- 
ern part of Merrimac counties, N. H, It is sur- 
rounded by the towns of Newbury, New London, 
and Sunapee. The name Sunapee is derived from 
the Algonquin words Suna and apee, meaning 
goose-water, and was given to it because it was a 
favorite resort for wild geese, which gave it an ad- 
ditional attraction to the Indians. It is about 10 
miles in length, and from one half to one and a 



68 SUTTON 

half miles in width. High hills and mountains 
surround it on all sides,— Sunapee, Croydon and 
Grantham, and grand Kearsarge being among its 
mountain sentinels, while Ascutnej', in Vermont, 
is in sight over the lower western elevations. Nu- 
merous beautiful wooded islands add charm to the 
surface, while the irregular shape of the lake gives 
many projections of land and indentations of wa- 
ter, supplying the most favorable locations for 
cottages and camping places. The west shore is 
generally bold, while on the east shore there are 
several beaches of tine white sand. 

Swallows' Cave. See Nahant. 

SwAMPscoTT, a favorite seaside resort of the 
wealthy people of Boston, is 12 miles from that 
city on the Eastern Division of the Boston & Maine 
Railroad. The shore is lined with elegant villas 
surrounded by beautiful grounds. There are three 
beaches, and picturesque headlands reach out into 
the sea. The bathing is excellent, with no under- 
tow, and the water is said to be warmer than at 
Nahant or Itye Beach, lietween Swainpscott and 
Marblehead are Phillips Beach, Beach Blutf, and 
Clifton, all popular summer resorts. 

Sylvan Glade Cataract. A wild and beautiful 
waterfall on Mt. Willey, about two miles above its 
base. It is formed by a small brook that empties 
into the Saco Kiver near the Willey House. [See 
Crawford Notch.] The water flows between the 
granite walls of a very steep ravine, and leaps first 
over four rocky stairways, each of them about six 
feet high, and then glides, at an angle of about 45 
degrees, 150 feet with many graceful curves down 
a solid bed of granite into a pool below. The cas- 
cade is about 75 feet wide at the base and 50 at the 
simimit. 

T 

Thompson Falls. A picturesque series of cascades 
formed by a brook, a tributary of Peabody Kiver, 
about two miles from the Glen [see The Glen] on 
the road to Jackson through Pinkham's Notch. 
They are about a quarter of a mile from the road 
by a path leading into the woods. By following 
the brook up the mountain side for half a mile, 
the last of the series is reached, and a fine view 
obtained of Mt. Washington and Tuckerman's Ra- 



THOKN MOUNTAIN W 

TiioRN Mountain. See Jackson. 

Thornton, N. H. A village on the Pemigewasset 
Valley Road, nine miles from Plymouth and 135 
from Boston, It presents many rare attractions to 
the summer sojourner. Mill Brook Cascades are 
in this town, and are visited either from here or 
from Carapton Village. 

Thousand Streams. See Tuckerman's Ravine. 

Tin Mountain. See Jackson. 

Tuckerman's Ravine. A tremendous gulf in the 
southerly side of Mt. Washington, named in honor 
of Edward Tuckerman, a botanist, who often vis- 
ited the Ravine to obtain information of the ferns 
and lichens of the region. The ravine may be 
reached by continuing up the mountain by the 
path that leads to the Crystal Cascade [see Crystal 
Cascade], or by following the Mt. Washington 
carriage road two miles from the Glen [see The 
Glen], striking off into the forest by a path marked 
by a guideboard, or descend into the Ravine from 
the summit of Mt. Washington, a distance of a 
mile. All of these routes are attended with diffi- 
culties, requiring good power of endurance, the 
journey up the mountain being by precipitous paths 
covering a distance of about live miles. In ap- 
proaching the Ravine from below, one passes Her- 
mit Lake, a little sheet of water so completely iso- 
lated that the name given it is at once recognized 
as a fitting one, and is confronted by the great wall 
of the Ravine that looms over it. The Ravine is of 
horseshoe shape, and the opposite outer cliff is more 
than a thousand feet in height. The bottom slopes 
upward towards the backward crescent wall, the 
rim being quite level. The path, which is plainly 
marked by splashes of white paint, runs along the 
centre of the basin by the bed of a stream. In 
front is seen the grand front of the sheer precipice, 
lying some distance off and up under the summit 
of Mt. Washington. This symmetrical wall has 
been called the Mountain Coliseum. Its back wall, 
unless the season is very dry, glitters with innu- 
merable streams of water called the Thousand 
Streams. From the base of this great wall a tortu- 
ous and difficult path continues up the mountain 
side to the summit, a distance of about a mile. 
The Snow Arch is one of the interesting features 
in early summer. [See Snow Arch.] 

Tumble-down Dick. A small mountain northeast 



70 TWIN MOUNTAINS 

from Copple Crown Mountain [see Copple Crown], 
more easilj- ascended, and affording a similar view. 

Twin Mountains. Two prominent peaks of the 
Franconia range, 4920 feet high. A path has been 
constructed under the auspices of the Appalachian 
Mountain Club to the summit of the principal of 
these peaks, which runs from the Twin Mountain 
House. The view is one of the finest to be had in 
the mountains. The range rises from the southern 
bank of the Ammonoosuc River, and, running at 
right angles to the stream, stretches to the south- 
ward in the direction of the eastern bank of the 
Peraigewasset River. Its principal members are 
the North and South Twin and Mts. Guyot and 
Bond. Only about 200 feet depression separates 
the summits of the Twins. 

Twin Mountain House. A station of the Concord 
& Montreal and Maine Central railroads, 202 miles 
from Boston, surrounded by mountains. A view is 
obtained hereof the great White Mountain Range. 
Close by are the Twin Mountains. [.See Twin 
Mountains.] The mountain peaks visible are the 
Baby Twins, Mt. Hale, the Xorth Twin hiding the 
summit of its southern brother, Mts. Garfield, La- 
fayette, Cleveland, and Agassiz. 

U-v 

Umbagog Lake. See Rangeley Lake. 
Unitoga Lake. See Newport, N. H. 
Unitoga Spkings. See Newport, N. H. 
Upper Baktlett. See Crawford Notch. 
Vineyard Haven. See Martha's Vineyard. 

W 

Walker's Falls. A beautiful fall of water in the 
Franconia Notch [see Franconia Notch], about two 
miles from its southerly extremity, and half a mile 
from the main road. It is reached by a path up 
the banks of a brook which crosses the'road. The 
quantity of water is never very large, but it comes 
leaping down over a regular succession of stone 
steps, extending across the whole breadth of the 
bed of the stream, for a distance of about 30 feet. 
Half a mile farther on there is a larger and more 
picturesque fall, where the water descends at one 
leap a distance of about 60 feet. The sides of the 



WARREN 71 

brook are of precipitous rocks, somewhat resem- 
bling those of the Flume. [See The Flume.] 
Warren, N. H. A mountainous town, a station of 
the Concord & Montreal Railroad, 146 miles from 
Boston, in which there are said to be more than 
100 trout brooks. The most picturesque of these 
is Hurricane Brook, which flows from Mt. Carr. 
In the vicinity is a deep gorge called Jobildunk 
Ravine, east of Moosilauke. [See Moosilauke.] In 
it are some beautiful cascades, which, owing to the 
difficulty of access, are seldom visited. 
Warren Summit. A station of the Concord & 
Montreal Railroad, 115 miles from Boston. It is 
1063 feet above the level of the sea, and the highest 
point upon the main road. The view from here is 
remarkably comprehensive and beautifui. Near 
the summit the train passes through a rock-cutting, 
three-quarters of a mile long, and, in places, 60 
feet deep. This work required the labor of 150 
men for a year and a half, and cost over $150,000. 
As the descent toward the Connecticut Valley is 
commenced, the bold cliffs of Owl's Head are seen 
upon the right. 
Washington Lying in State. An idea suggested 
by the appearance of the peaks on the east side of 
the Franconia Notch ; Mt. Liberty serving as the 
face with its highest ridge as the nose. 
Waterbury, Vt., reached by the Central Vermont 
Railroad, 202 miles from Boston and seven miles 
below Montpelier, is a popular resort for tourists, 
being in the immediate vicinity of Mt. Mansfield 
[see Mt. Mansfield], Camel's Hump, Bolton's Falls, 
and other places of interest. 
Weirs, The, A station on the Concord & Montreal 
Railroad, 109 miles from Boston. It is situated on 
the shore of Lake Winnipesaukee [see Lake Win- 
nipesaukee] with a fine, and comprehensive outlook 
across its waters upon the lofty mountains beyond. 
In colonial times the Indians had fish weirs here, 
in the shallows near the outlet of the lake, and 
caught shad. It is from this fact that it derives 
its name. Once a year the Winnipesaukee tribe 
encamped here, and passed weeks in feasting. It 
was, until within a few years, little more than a 
boat landing, but its charming location and excel- 
lent railroad and steamboat facilities attracted the 
attention of various societies, and it has become a 
famous resort where different organizations hold 



72 wp:lls beach 

their summer meetings and conventions. The most 
prominent of these are the New Hampshire Metli- 
odists and Unitarians, who have erected a small 
village in a grove a short distance from the land- 
ing, where they hold their camp-meetings, and the 
New Hampshire Veterans' Association, an organ- 
ization which annually holds a large out-of-door 
gathering, and owns a number of buildings. There 
are, on each side of the railroad, capacious groves 
where summer meetings of various kinds are held, 
groups of cottages, and the office of "Calvert's 
Weirs Times," a paper published during the sum- 
mer season by Matthew 11. Calvert. In the view 
from the Weirs the Ossipee Mountains are seen to 
excellent advantage. On their left is to be seen 
the sharp i)eak of Chocorua. Ked Hill is also vis- 
ible, an<l stretching otf towards the left are Faugus, 
Passaconaway, Tripyramid, Whiteface and .Sand- 
wich Dome. By going a little distance above the 
Weirs, a view of Mt. Lafayette can be had. 

Wells Beach, reached by stages from Wells, Me., 
six miles, is a great rendezvous for sportsmen, its 
six miles of beach being frequented by snipe and 
curlew. A large trout stream crosses the beach, 
and in the woods partridges and woodcock are 
abundant. The views in the vicinity are particu- 
larly line. 

White FIELD, N. H. A town on the Whitefield and 
Jefferson Branch of the Concord & Montreal Rail- 
road, 200 miles from Boston. From Kimball and 
Highland Hills fine views are obtained of both the 
White and Franeonia ranges, Mt. Garfield, for- 
merly known as the Haystack, and several other 
high peaks. 

White Island. See Isles of Shoals. 

White Mountain Notch. See Crawford Notch. 

White Mountain Range. While the whole moun- 
tain region of New Hampshire is about 40 miles 
square, the name " White Mountains " is popularly 
applied, for the sake of distinction, only to the 
great range which extends from the Crawford 
Notch [see Crawford Notch] northeasterly to Mt. 
Madison, a distance of 14 miles, with Mt. Wash- 
ington for its culminating point. The mountains, 
beginning at the Notch, are in the following order : 
Webster, Jackson, Clinton, Pleasant, Franklin, 
Monroe, Washington, Clay, Jefferson, Adams, and 
Madison. The earliest printed account of the 



WILDCAT MOUNTAIN 73 

White Mountains appears in John Joselyn's "New 
England Rarities Discovered," published in 1672, 
in which he says : " Four score miles (upon a direct 
line) to the Northwest of Scarborow a Ridge of 
Mountains run Northwest and Northeast an hund- 
red leagues, known by the name of the White 
Mountains, upon which lieth Snow all the year, 
and is a landmark twenty miles off at Sea. It is 
rising ground from the Sea Shore to these Hills, 
and they are inaccessible but by Gullies which the 
dissolved Snow hath made ; in these Gullies grow 
Saven Bushes, which being taken hold of are a 

good help to the climbing Discoverer The 

country beyond these Hills Northward is daunting 
terrible, being full of rocky hills, as thick as Mole- 
hills in a Meadow, and cloathed with infinite thick 
woods." The Indian name of the great range was 
Waumbek Methna (mountains with snowy fore- 
heads). 

Wildcat Mountain. See Jackson. 

WiLLEY House. See Crawford Notch. 

WiLLOUGHBY LAKE, situatcil in the town of West- 
more, Vt., is reached by stage, eight miles from 
Barton's Landing, a station on the Passumpsic Di- 
vision of the Boston & Maine Railroad, nine miles 
from Newport. It is of a crescent shape, seven 
miles long, and from a half to two miles wide, and 
lies between two mountain peaks, with nearly per- 
pendicular sides, whose bases apparently meet far 
below its surface. The depth of , the lake is a mat- 
ter of conjecture, a sounding-line of 700 feet having 
failed to touch bottom. The mountains rise so 
abruptly from the shores that there is room for 
little more than a carriage way around its margin. 
The mountain on the east side is Annanance or 
Pisgah, and is 2638 feet high. That on the west 
side is Mt. Hor, and is 1500 feet high. The summit 
of Mt. Annanance is reached by an easy bridle 
path, two miles long, and from it is a fine view in- 
cluding Lake Memphremagog and Owl's Head on 
the north, Lake Champlain on the west, the entire 
range of the Green Mountains, and every promi- 
nent peak of the White Mountain igroup. Other 
places of interest are the Devil's gDen, a dismal 
hole on the lake shore, at the base of a perpendic- 
ular precipice 600 feet high, and the Flower Garden, 
a spot on its summit. 

Wing Road, N. H. A station of the White Moun- 



74 WINNEWETAH CASCADE 

tain Branch of the Concord & Montreal Railroad, 
194 miles from Boston, where the White Mountain 
trains leave the main line and continue up the 
Ammonoosuc Valley. The station is within the 
limits of the town of Bethlehem, and from it a fine 
view of Mt. Lafayette and Twin Mountains is had. 

WiNXEWETAH CASCADE. See Jacksou. 

WoLFEBORO, a village named in honor of General 
Wolfe, the hero of Quebec, is beautifully situated 
at the head of a bay, and is one of the most at- 
tractive points on Lake Winnipesaukee. The views 
in the vicinity include lake and mountain scenery 
in infinite variety; and the visitor may indulge to 
his heart's content in the delightful recreation of 
mountain climbing without going far from his 
hotel. Among the numerous excursions which can 
be taken from this place, one of the most interest- 
ing is to Wentworth House, on the borders of 
Smith's Pond, the summer residence of the colo- 
nial governor \Ventworth of Portsmouth. Boating 
forms a favorite amusement with summer visitors 
at Wolfboro, the calm, placid waters of the lake 
affording excellent opportunities for this diver- 
sion. A branch of the Northern Division of the 
Boston & Maine Railroad, about VA miles long, 
connects with the main road at AVolfboro Junction 
for Xorth Conway, the time between the two prin- 
cipal points being but one hour. 



York Beach, near the quiet little village of York, 
N. H., nine miles northeast of Portsmouth, is a 
popular summer resort, reached by steamer or 
stage. The beach slopes gently to the water from 
the eminences behind, and affords excellent bath- 
ing. There is also good fishing in the vicinity. 
Cape Xeddick runs out into the sea at the north 
end of the beach, and a short distance inland is Mt. 
Agamenticus, from the summit of which are to be 
had fine views of the White Mountains, the ocean, 
and the harbors of Portsmouth and Portland. 
Bald Head Cliff is a remarkable promontory five 
miles north of York Beach, of peculiar formation 
and affording fine views. Beyond, stretching away 
to Wells Beach [see Wells Beach], is the long 
Ogunquit Beach. 

Young Man of the Mountain. See Crawford 
Notch. 



All of the 



Principal New England 

. . . Summer Resorts 



ARE DIRECTLY REACHED BY THE 



Boston & Maine Railroad, 

AND ITS CONNECTING LINES. 

THE WHITE MOUNTAINS, 
GREEN MOUNTAINS, 

ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS, 
AND MOUNT KINEO. 

The North Shore, Isles of Shoals ^ York 
Beach f Kefinehtinkport, Old Or char il JBeach, 
Bar Harborf and St, Andreivs, N. B, 

Lakes Winnipiseogee, Champlain, Sunapee, 
Megantic, Moosehead, and Rangeley. 



Summer Publications. 

Complete list of books descriptive of all summer 
resorts, also summer excursion book, giving list of 
hotels and boarding houses, excursion rates, and 
much other valuable information, will be mailed free 
upon request. Address General Passenger Depart- 
ment, Boston & Maine Railroad, Boston. 

D. J. FLANDERS, 

G.P. &T. A. 



THE . . . 

Maine Central 
Railroad 



IS THE 



CON?sT.CTING LINK 



FOR ALL PLACES NAMED IN THIS PUBLICATION, 

EITHER DIRECT OR BY ITS RAIL LINES, 

OR IN CONNECTION WITH ITS 

STEAMER LINE THE 

Portland, Mt. Desert, and Machias Steamboat Co. 



Express trains daily to all parts of Maine. Pullman Sleeping 
and Parlor Cars, extra charge, — regular coaches, no extra 
charge ; all vestibuled, lighted by gas, running over a 
perfect roadbed. Its Schenectady and Rhode Island locomo- 
tives the heaviest taking water from track tanks. 

We publish Maps and Guides giving fuU information 
about aU the large and small resorts, hotels, boarding and 
farm houses. 

Send for out list of publications. 

F. E. BOOTHBY, 
Payson Tucker, Gen'l Pass. Agent. 

V. P. and Gen'l Manager. 



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